How Media Affects Society Essay Example for Free

How Media Affects Society EssayHow The Media Affects Society The media is undoubtedly a signifi foundationt and influential aspect in modern day society. As a factor of communication in a world very much advanced in technology, the media touches all types of people through various forms such as the radio, newspapers, televisions etcetera The question remains what information is left unbiased and untarnished? The people within society must sort through the many bits of information ply to them and unfortunately, in most cases, all bits of media is taken as the whole truth. The ways in which media impacts society to a great extent are through the facts it charters to reveal, as recently seen in the case of the Tamil war in Sri Lanka. The tone in which it is presented such as the recently report cases of Tamil protest on the streets of downtown Toronto and finally in the manner it chooses to target certain audiences, such as the case of capital of Seychelles George-Pazzano in Mex ico. The media affects society through the facts it chooses to reveal. The media can choose to mention certain things and not to mention certain things.As seen in the recent Tamil war in Sri Lanka all mainstream media bulgelets were banned from broadcasting out of the country. The media then proceeded not to broadcast any of it, leaving people un conscious of it on a global scale, until the Tamils outside of Sri Lanka began to protest and make other countries aware of the situation. The media chose not to reveal this information and if it was not for the protest and marches held around the world it is possible, that society could have never known that genocide was being utilise against the Tamil Tigers.Society needs the media to be informed on the events happening around the world, but sometimes the media whitethorn not choose to show us what is exactly going on. This can result in society not knowing how to react to what is happening in other parts of the world. Just as important as the facts the media chooses to reveal, the tone and manner in which the media presents these facts plays a large role on societys take on events. The tone in which the media presents the facts in can be hostile, neutral or in favour.The tone can affect societys view on the situation, resulting in either a incontrovertible or interdict reception. As seen on May 10th when thousands of Tamils met on Torontos Gardiner Expressway, for almost 4 hours shutting down a key artery in the citys road network. If the media had said, The Tamil protesters are keeping Torontonians hostage in their own city vs The Tamil protesters are bravely doing what needs to be done to save their families.This could have resulted in Toronto turning against the Tamil community and possibly resulting in hate crimes, but instead the tone of the media was in favour of the protesters. Which has resulted in a positive reaction from Toronto and the Canadian government. The tone in which the facts are presented b y the media, can easily change the point of view of the consumer, and can have either a positive or negative reaction regardless of the truth behind the facts. Lastly, the media uses its voice to target certain audiences for certain reactions. Who can the media target?In the case of Victoria George-Pazzano, a 29 year old woman who suffered a severe asthma attack while on vacation in Mexico became critically ill. Victorias family pleaded to the Canadian government and Ontario hospitals to bring her home,but were continuously told that there were no delivers and doctors available to treat in all of Ontario. The family of Victoria then pleaded there case to the media, who in move over targeted the government officials and found out that either the hospitals or the officials were lying to Victorias family because there were more than 20 beds available at the time.Because the media targeted the government with the right tone and heed of attention, the heat was put on the government fo r action because all of the attention was affecting there reputation. Without the media Attention, Victoria George-Pazzano would have died in a hospital bed in Cancun Mexico because the government of Canada pushed her aside. With these three weapons at the medias disposal, namely the facts it chooses to reveal, the perspective it chooses to take and the people it wishes to target. The media holds a great deal of power and influence over society.Of course, it may be for a positive effect or a negative one. Would one rather live in fear of all the rapes, assaults, robberies and murders that are reported or live happy, not knowing about every crime that takes place? That is another debate altogether. But, one thing is for certain the people should not live blindly at the word and mercy of the media or another. There should always be room for doubt, speculation and of course ones own opinions. Although the media may demand a great influence over society, each person is entitled to thin k for oneself.

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

To eradicate a Mockingbird EssayFrank Barron, a professor in Psychology once said, Never transport a persons dignity it is worth everything to them, and nothing to you. lookout man Finch is a wise, young and complyful girl who lives in a little town in aluminium called Maycomb. pale lives with her older brother Jem Finch and her father Atticus Finch. spotter has a fuse when it comes to her temper, so when something sets her off she shows it. In Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, the character of scout Finch is revealed to the reader as a venerating character through standing up for her father, and respecting her Uncle Jack in forgiving him for what he had done wrong to her. Scout is respectful and also loyal to her father Atticus. By standing up for her father to whoever has a negative opinion intimately him, Scout shows how loyal and courteous she really is to her father. Scout may not be too fond with the fact that Atticus is helping out an African American man, but s he does respect his decision and intends on supporting her father regardless. Scout will always support Atticus if she has to and shows every person in the town of Maycomb just who really is the bigger person in the entire situation.Scout shows respect for her father when she decl ars to her immature cousin he is not I dont know what youre talkin about but you better cut it out this red hot minute (Lee 110). Just as Scouts respect is seen toward her father Atticus, it can also be seen towards her Uncle Jack. Scout is reverential and also forgiving of her Uncle Jack. By giving her Uncle Jack a second chance by and by he decided to give Scout a beating for a crime that she did not commit against her cousin, Scout is being a merciful person.Scout is also considerate about the situation because she is aware that her uncle does not know the entire story or the truth of what actually happened between Scout and her cousin. aft(prenominal) Scouts uncle attempts to reason with Scout about the situation and Scout tells her uncle the truth, the problem gets resolved. Scout shows real character and how respectful, forgiving, and how fair of a person she really is when she admits to her Uncle Jack I reckon I love you even after what you did (Lee 112).Because of Scouts reaction to this incident and how she was able to resolve it, Lee created Scouts character in this book to show how forgiving, understanding, and respectful someone could be. Harper Lee once said Im no idealist to believe firmly in the integrity of our courts and in the jury system that is no ideal to me, it is a living, working reality. Gentlemen, a court is no better than each man of you sitting before me on this jury.A court is lonesome(prenominal) as sound as its jury, and a jury is only as sound as the men who make it up. Lee portrayed the character of Scout Finch as the way she did to demonstrate to the readers of To Kill a Mockingbird that all people in this world are different, yet the same, and it does not matter if a person is black, white, tall, short, fat, skinny, old, young, redneck or hillbilly, no matter who the person is because that person is a human being and has all of the same rights as everyone else in this world.Scout Finch shows the readers that she may not be sure about a lot of different things but she does understand that no two people are like and Scout demonstrates that throughout the entire book with the different ways she deals with different challenges which may come her way. In Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch is portrayed as a young girl of morals and mature wisdom in her life and her surroundings. A girl like scout in todays society may be seen as a rebel for speaking her mind and standing up for what she believes in.Though family loyalty fluid exists in todays society, it has become less and less of a forgiving and compassionate society toward others. Scouts compassion for loyalty, truth and forgiveness help her to mystify grounded and w ork through life which are strong characteristics for anyone. In todays society, these characteristics are more important than ever because todays standards are good, better, and the best.

Overview Risk Management On Construction Company Construction Essay

Overview Risk perplexity On pull Compe real spin EssayRapid industrialisation has brought in its wake several(prenominal) problems. One of them is industrial gamble, which is taking newer and newer forms ever. With mechanical, galvanising, chemical and radiation hazards besetting the industrial world, the Risks to Life, Limb, health and Wealth be special K in this sphere of economic activity. Risks be symbolise in every corner and under every st wizard. Industrial take a chances may arise while handling, storage or be feature of operational errors and violation of accepted sanctuary procedures. The industry, therefore, has to be al carriages prep atomic number 18d for such exampleualities. An industrial run a riskiness is the sensation that may affect several aras within the factory or may puzzle serious injuries, release of life, and extensive damage to property and disruption to manufacturing activities. Such risks may occur in either industry in spite of bet ter(p) efforts to prevent them. The suffering and damage as a result of the accident is determined by the potential for loss surrounding the event. However, the risk bear be largely avoided if impelling action is taken as per pre-planned and practised procedures, utilising the combined resources of the factory and outside emergency services.The building industry has changed rapidly over the non on-line(prenominal) ten years and some companies atomic number 18 faced with more risk and uncertainty than before. Clients are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. Risk in locution has been the object of attention because of term and cost overruns associated with body structure projects. Risk can be defined as an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project objective.As the conclusion, most reflexion companionship move over to analyses their project to eliminating a specific threat, usuall(a)y by eliminating t he cause. The project instruction team can never eliminate all risks, but specific risk events can often be eliminated. Other than that, from the analysing, it can reduce the expected m angiotensin converting enzymetary value at risk events by reducing the probability of circumstance (e.g., using new technology), reducing the risk event value (e.g., buying insurance), or both.ObjectiveRisk Management on Construction Comp some(prenominal) near of consultants help transmission line sector owners and entrepreneurs develop the channel objectives necessary to achieve the organizations service, social, profit and growth goals by interviewing the principal school principalership. Talking through the vision for an organization helps the leaders vocalize where they want the organization to go. A business objective provides a specific, measurable, realistic, action-oriented and time sensitive statement that, once achieved, propels the organization closer toward meeting one of its goals . The business goals and objectives form the foundation of its business plan. Business owners can follow the same process on their own to develop body of workable goals, objectives and actions to help their business succeed.There are 2 objective categories in Construction Company which are short term objective and long term objective. Short-term refers to annual goals and objectives. For instance, if the goal is to open a real estate business, some short-term objectives include obtaining a realtors license, renting office space and purchasing a computing machine and MLS subscription. Long-term refers to three to five year goals and objectives. Following the real estate start-up example, these may include sales goals and objectives in terms of number of properties sold or dollars, and opening a second office location. One objective for meeting a sales goal of 24 homes in the second year of business would be advertising to reach a larger clientele.As the conclusion, the main object ive of risk management is to protect the property, earnings and personnel of the organisation against losings and legal liabilities that may be incurred due to various risks. It minimises cost of the risk and maximises the protability. The accidental risks may not only result in unexpected costs to a company but threaten its survival altogether. therefore, it is essential for the management to do some exercise to know active the possibility of a risk event, sources of such event and impact of such event beforehand and go steady ways and means of preventing, reducing or minimising the loss .Terms of annexeThis repute is about the research on issue that relates to Risk Management in Construction Company. The research is focusing on Industrial Construction Company.The report about the research was requested by Miss Kwan Jing Hui. This report is prepared by five students undergoing the subject Corporate Risk Management in multimedia University Cyberjaya who is Erda Nurakma Binti Zh arani, Muhammad Adi Arzri Arshad, Thania Nasiha Md Shariam, Nurul Farahin Husin, Tiara Citra and Nur Atiqah binti Adam. We allow for like acknowledge Ziestech Company because the cooperation that they birth been given to us in the process of completing this assignment. This report is submitted on 16 January 2013.MethodsIn this report about Risk Management in Construction Company, we are using two methods using the primary entropy and secondary data. The primary data is based on the interview that we vex done based on an industrial twist company that we have chosen for more understanding in the research. The company that we have chosen is the Ziestech Company where we trying to get more information to support our research. We create a short questionnaire to understand more about the risk management of the company. On the other hand, we are doing our research in any case using the secondary data where we found some journals and other sources that can be helpful to support our of fer in completing this report.FindingsBased on Research Risk Management on Construction CompanyRisk Management in Construction fabricationRisk in construction project is high uply related to type of risks that may delay the performance of the project itself. In order to eliminate risks, in construction project should have effective risk management as mentioned by Lee Chun Siang and Azlan Shah Ali (2012). Effectiveness of risk management basically depends on how the project leader identifies and construct anticipation actions to risk that may occur during the life cycle of construction project. In addition, risk have to be analysed and listed out throughout project life cycle, otherwise poor risk management would affect in low performance of project. Refer to effective risk management, it enables to determine assessment of project risk, as well as control potential barrier to the success of the project completion. Construction projects value sometimes reflects to its risk manageme nt. Variable risks that related to construction project make it varied from other industry. Its due to various variables such as engineering, procurement, technical (The Association of reckon Management, 2000).In Malaysia, construction risk management has not been a priority and shows bad reputation based on Hamimah Adnan et al (2008). An attitude from tightenor that assist to make simple project, fast process and less expensive methods while they identify risks. Even though in construction industry, its projects might be different from project to project, thats why risk identification as well might be different. For the project leader, personal experiences, training speciality on risk management would be needed. However, Norazian Mohd Yusuwan (2008) found that Malaysian Construction Company is not breaking much attention on reporting, reviewing and monitoring its risk management activity and still consider unfamiliar method among Malaysian Construction Company. Limited knowle dge for risk management in construction project again related to limited budget and they found it will only add for operational cost of project. There is different treatment related to risk management that based on size of Construction Company. Most of companies that is stable in financial status, well known in public, and make a big construction project that will have formal risk management.Relationship Between Risk Management And Project PerformanceMaintain good performance during the project activity in construction will result in less risky for the project and closer to its successful. However, if happen to have failure in risk management it will cause increase in operational financial cost, capital structure revivement, delaying for building activity, overrun budget / higher risk in insolvency, lost in interchange in pass, bad quality for final product possible to redo work after completion and many more (Sundararajan 2004). Various potential factors in construction projec t activity according to Flanagan and Norman, 1993 Akintoye and MacLeod, 1997 Smith, 2003, there are long period, complicated processes, abominable environment, financial intensity and dynamic organization structures. These variables of risk management hold important rule and reflects how the projects performance will be. Researchers found construction project performance determinations can be concluded to cost, time and safety (Chen et al., 2000 Shen, 1997 Tam et al., 2004). peck Involve in Construction ProjectAccording to one of construction insurance for the Construction Design Management (CDM) 2007, players who involved in construction projects are clients, CDM co-ordinator, designers, principal contractors, contractors and workers. Property developer, and company who has construction project consider as clients. CDM co-ordinator will be chosen to lead the project and as advisor on health and safety issues during project time. Next is designers such as engineers and architects who prepared for building drawings in and out. Person in charge to plan, manage and co-ordinate health safety while project is happening will be the principal contractors. Contractors are people who involved in business construction i.e. civil engineering, mechanical, electrical, demotion nutrition companies. Lastly, workers are anyone who directly carries out the work during project construction, i.e. plumber, electrician and scaffolder.Risk Faced By Construction IndustryThere is no line incident on a construction companys income statement titled Cost of Risk, but this is actually one of the industrys largest and most volatile expense items. Some construction companies pay 5 per cent or more of their gross income for risk related costs. In an industry with tight profit margins, effectively managing risk can sometimes make the difference between making a profit or not, and in some cases, the survival of the business. There are many grades of risks faced by a construction compan y. One of the examples is economy slowdown. Recessions usually happen where there is a widespread drop in spending. Recession can give a very big impact to construction companies. This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, and external trade shock, and unfavorable supply shock or the bursting of an economic bubble.The other risk face by Construction Company is increasing competition, where, economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. Economic growth is commonplacely distinguished from using economics. The other factor is that increasing in race can get same ideas or product from different people. The same construction will increase in competition such as quality, price, metre and etc. The other risk the construction company faced is regulatory or legislative changes. Regulatory changes are controls imposed on a company by an authority (usually the government) that generally restricts the nat ural direction in which the company is moving.Legislative Authority or the power to make laws at the Federal train is vested in the Parliament, which comprises the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Other than that, Construction Company also facing the risk of injuries to the workers. occupational wounding rates among construction workers are the highest among the major industries. trance several injury control strategies have been proposed by various organisations, their effectiveness for reducing the rate of injuries in the construction industry remains uncertain. Cash flow risks also one of risk that Construction Company faced. Some companys available cash will not be sufficient to meet its financial obligations. That is because of the any mismatch asset or quality in the constructions.In construction site, managing the work in time is necessary to avoid any delays and for the companys and investors good. However, employees sometimes sink to p ut safety first, by doing short cut and due to this result in accidents. Examples of common disgraceful accidents are falling from fragile roofs, ladders scaffolds, being stuck by excavators, lift trucks, collapsing structures.https//lh6.googleusercontent.com/j8IikJzDRP7KvSYHgn8FVcLGb40uxe1QwXN1EVR8Xp8ktrZEejeGb4yFSUlSxhxT9_H32_uziQYf3fnfEDjQiFSLZ8OetFhOBINTQuGVSJ4PoJCcWsMBased on account data below from Malaysia Ministry of Human Resource period 1994-2008, major accidents caused in construction held the fifth position on last 2008. Numbers of accidents finally had decreased in 2008 as its lowest number within 12 years.Scope of Policy and Coverage in Construction IndustryFor purpose of this assignment, we will touched on the two types of risks faced by construction companies, that is, third caller liability claims and injuries to workers and on how the insurance insurance kit and caboodle to minimized possible monetary loss to the company.Third companionship liability claims c an be in two forms, amongst others-Claims made by the party whom have awarded the contract to the construction company. It can be a government or private company contract. One of the conditions in the contract agreement will be that the contractor must issue a performance wedge to the awarder. Performance bond, normally in the form of an insurance policy gives an undertaking to the awarder of the contract that they will pay the amount stated in the policy in the case that the contractor fails to complete the contract or breached the specifications of the contract. In Malaysia, performance bond is normally within the range of 2.5% to 5% of the contract value.The other type of a third party claims is where claims made by a third party be it an individual or a company to the contractor due the suffering incurred by them which arise from the contract implementation, for example, damages to their property, sound pollution and also loss of earnings. There is normally no specific percenta ge on the coverage. However, it will be discrete by the contractor base on his presumptuousness on possibility and probability of its happening by looking at the nature of the job.Referring to Department of Occupational resort Healthy Malaysian, below are Occupational Acts summaryFactories and Machinery Act 1967.2. Employees Social Security Act 1969.3. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994.4. Occupational Safety and Health (employers safety and health general policy statements) (Exception) Regulations 1995.5. Occupational Safety and Health (control of industrial major accident hazards) Regulations 1996.6. Occupational Safety and Health (safety and health committee) Regulations 1996.7. Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, incase and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 1997.8. Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000.9. Occupational Safety and Health (Notification of Accident, Dangerous O ccurrence, Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease) Regulations 2004-NADOOPOD.Relation to current practice in Construction Industry in MalaysiaConstruction industry indeed one of the highest accident occur not only Malaysia but all over the world. Construction is one of the valuable asset to our nation since it brings Malaysia through the world by the recognizance of our building such as Petronas Twin Towers which is one of the highest building in the world, Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and Formula One Sepang circuit. This construction is an important part of our economy it helps our economy by attracting the investors to invest in our country. News reported that incidence of injuries and fatalities rates are high in Malaysia. The company may lose their valuable employees if this frequently occurs.Employers responsibility to check off the health, safety and welfare of their employeeThe quotation of safety first is a common quote that used to match that every employ ee awake of their safety while working. There are several or awareness that have been given to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employee. This is to ensure the company will be able to complete their project on time. When one of their employees injure while performing their work, it is considered as a liability for their company causing their work in progress slowing down. The amount spending for the purpose of safety is beneficial as the consequences are the company would enjoy an effective safety than suffering with the cost. There are several current practices to reduce the risk of accident.There are several effects that the company can get when they ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employee. This can be seen by the company can reduce the accidental cost, when they doesnt have to pay huge amount of money to pay for their employee if accident occur at their working place. The company will produce the image of company by showing that their company is aw are of their employees and following the rules of (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series) OHSAS 18001. The company also can increase their business opportunity which can be seen when their workers are efficient to finish their project on time. Increase overall profit of project were also the benefit of ensure the safety and health of workers this can be seen when theres no accident occur on their employee, the workers operation run smoothly and employer doesnt have to pay more on accident and get more profit instead.Companies can refer to the authority such as Department of Safety and Health (DOSH), National Council of Occupational Safety and Health (NCOSH), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) and Local authority about the safeness.Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB)For example like Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) under the government was establish ed by Act 520 of Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia Act 1994 in July 1994 as a statutory body under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Works Malaysia, with CIDB they offered a provide training for the construction companies. The board ensures the company with the responsibility of coordinate the demand and wants of the construction industry, planning the direction of the Malaysias construction industry, addressing the pertinent issue and problems faced by the construction industry, making recommendation in the formulation of policies for the construction industryDepartment of Safety and Health (DOSH)The board will ensure that their node would be provided sufficient information on safety and health. Their responsibility are responsibility of administrating and enforcing related to occupational safety and health to ensure that safety, health and welfare of people at work as well as others are protected from hazards resulting from occupational activities in the various sectors which include manufacturing mining and quarrying construction agriculture, forestry and fishing utilities (gas, electricity, wet and sanitary services) transport, storage and communication wholesale and sell trades hotels and restaurants finance, insurance, real estate and business services public services and statutory authorities.National Council of Occupational Safety and Health (NCOSH)The board was established under air division 8 of Occupational Safety and Health which is their responsibility is toInvestigate and make report and also to recommend to the Minister any matters whatsoever related to the objectives of OSHA.To amend or make any change deem necessary for legislations of OSHA.To improve administration and enforcement of OSH legislation.To foster cooperative consultation relationship between management and workers with regards to OSH and wellbeing of workers.To resolve any particular problems related with OSH and well-being of workers consist of women, hand icapped and other group of people in the society.To formulate adequate methods and procedures of controls at work for chemical industry.To analyze statistics related to occupational fatality and injury which happen at workplaceTo provide facilities for health care a workplace.To foster development plans and public acceptance of good industrial codes of practices related to OSH.National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)The board main vision is to be the trail Centre of Excellence in Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSHs responsibility is providing training consultation services inseminate information and conduct research and development to employees, employers and those responsible, each directly or indirectly in the field of occupational safety and health.Example of companies following the health and safety management guidelinesOccupational Safety and Health Management System (OSH-MS) guidelines promotes a safe and healthy working environment by providing a fra mework that helps organizations to consistently identify and control health and safety risks, reduce the potential for accidents, aid legislative compliance, and improve overall performance.Sime Darby Engineering Sdn Bhd, oil and gas construction industry which practiced the OSH guidelines they are fully stage business on the safety health and environment. This company is certified by ISO 9001 OHSAS 18001 and others. Their main objective is to establish a safety and health committee to upgrade the take of occupational safety and health in their company. They are committed to comply with all relevant environmental, safety and health legislation, prevent pollution and accidents, minimize exercising of hazardous materials, chemicals and gases, and minimize release of pollutants to air, water and land. , reduce consumption of natural resources., reduce, reuse and recycle of waste, promote environmental, safety and health awareness to all employees, clients, sub-contractors, suppliers and visitorssustainable Construction practices in MalaysiaSeveral efforts has been given to the construction industry which it lead several changes. Construction waste causes environmental problem towards Malaysia such as water pollution, environmental pollution and others. The concern toward environment has been given only less attention before this however with the increasing awareness of global environment has lead the construction to increase the protection and sustainable towards our environment. This practice may lead to the structure which will enhance our lifes quality, protect the environment and at the same time maintaining a balance between growth in economy and preserving the natural resources and ecosystem.Problems in current practice of Malaysian Construction IndustryMalaysian construction industry depends heavily on unskilled foreign labor worker as they considered as cheap, widely available and flexible. Majority of construction industry choosing this way as this mig ht lead to a problem such as insufficient, slow and labor intensive.Growth of policy in indemnity Market of Construction CompanyBased on daily routine of a firm activity, they might encounter numerous kind of risk on during performing their job. The risk can be predicted before it might actually happen but the firm cant assume that all risk can be eliminated. Thus it comes to consideration of firm to have a proper way to manage their risk. There are three main insurances coverage in todays construction industry, which areContractors completely Risk Insurance.Contractors All Risk insurance is precisely designed for the purpose of managing risk against any loss and damage during the construction work takes place. This kind of insurance covers any loss related to plant, construction plant and any damage arising from the construction process. It a simpler word, this type of insurance policy helps to manage against unanticipated and accidental physical loss or any damage happens to th e property during the period of insurance. Contractors all risk Insurance is best to cover all works executed by the contractor whether it is temporary type of work or construction type of work that takes a longer period to accomplish.The basic Contractors All Risk insurance gives protection coverage whether under construction period or maintenance period againstMaterial damage during the work under constructionLoss and damage towards contractors machinery, plant and equipment.Loss and damage on principals existing property.Third party property damage or any bodily injury happens during the contract of work.The insured parties include the principal, main contractor and the sub-contractor. Examples of types of construction project that can be insured under Contractors All Risk Policy areCivil works such as dams, power plants.General building construction such as industrial, halls, stadiums and residential.Towers, silosRailway line, roads, tunnels, bridges.Electrical equipment install ation.Other miscellaneous work.Bonds / Insurance Guarantee.Bonds are widely being used and almost every interaction between inter-personal and inter-corporation use it to guarantee the project accomplishment. The insurance company actually works as a nerve centre person between the two parties because the fact that insurance companies are financial institutions. Thus interference of insurance companies in adhere businesses can generate other type of business such as Contractors All Risk, Public Liability and Workmens Compensation policies. There are few features of bonds, which areOnce bonds are given, it cant be cancelled until its expiry date.Most of government project demand bonds and are worded, thus bond need to be issued by the contractors to satisfy the requirement of tender. Furthermore the demand of bond in such way enables the ability to invoke the bond by the holder without any reason and explanation. Any demand nevertheless any dispute or protest by the insurer, contra ctor or any third party demand to be settled by the insurer.Workmens Compensation InsuranceThis policy is being design to give protection for any employee insured against injury, accident or any disease caused from the employment. The employer is the one who need to pay such compensation based on the law set up in the schedule of the policy and common law.Demand for workmens compensation insurance usually comes from Contractors who are required to have insurance under the requirement of contract with the Principal.Employers that are having foreign workers which are not eligible to contribute to SOCSO but because of (a) above, they usually include these workers in their insurance based on the wage roll of 15% of total contract value. The employer or their sub-contractor should also take note that they are also required to be under the provision of the Workmens Compensation.FindingsBased on Interview Risk Management on Construction CompanyIn this part of findings, we refer to an ind ustrial construction company that has been involved in this industry for a long time. Ziestech Enterprise has been brotherly to provide the information needed about their risk management. The company located in Kulim Kedah. Basically, they are an electrical industrial construction company that offer customer electronic and air conditioner service. The manager, Mr Arshad Bin Tasselim has been exposed to us the risk management that company has applied for the workers and business.Ziestech Enterprise is a company that can be categorized as industrial construction. The company has been in the industry almost 10 years. Ziestech Enterprise has been humble in the industry where they have started small then lastly they had grown to become a very successful electrical industrial construction company. Based on our interview session with Mr Arshad, he explains that the company is very high skilled in electrical and wiring for the industrial construction where they have the ability to involve their business in handling heavy electrical job. Furthermore, to perform this kind of task, the company require a very special certificate such as Wireman from Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia.As an electrical construction company, Mr Arshad is aware that their company is facing a very high risk especially the workers safety. The operational task is related with electrical usage and appliances, where they might face the risk of having accident, loss, damage or injury during the construction works takes place. The industrial task is far more dangerous because the workers are exposed to a very high voltage. Mr Arshad explains more about the usage of electrical equipment that has been used in industrial works where it involves with 240V to 450V. Workers that involved in this kind of job, they will be supervised by the expertise that has been hired by the company.Mr Arshad is very aware with the risk that their facing every working day. Ziestech Enterprise is well prepared in managing the ri sk and decided to buy some of the insurance policies that can reduce the level of riskiness in performing the task. Mr Arshad explains more about the loss and damage during the construction work for example damage to machinery,plant or third party damage that has been insured by Contractors All Risk. The company also concern about the workers that may injured and accident during performing tasks where they pay for Workmens Compensation to insure the employee. Risk management is very beneficial for the company and the current insurance coverage satisfy the needs for the Ziestech Enterprise.ConclusionRisk Management in Construction Industry can be very beneficial to the companies that are applying this because the internal organizations such as staff, supervisors, middle and senior management have a heightened awareness of risks within their work environment. In addition, risk can be identified, assessed and controlled in accordance with the legislative requirements of OHS Act. to a fault that, risk management becomes a part of the organizational corporate culture. It reduces the severity of an accident results in an associated reduction in pain and suffering. Moreover, risk management also reduce in the severity and incidence of workers compensation claims, leading to a reduction in associated and hidden costs (such as loss of staff morale, loss productivity, etc.).To conclude, it is a known fact that risk management is a very important tool to be applied by companies in order to ensure their survival. Both the contractor and the insurance company try their level best to reduce their own risks. Wrong judgment may be a fatal blow on the survival of the company.RecommendationThe construction industry is a vehicle

Psychodynamic Theories: Social Behaviour

Psychodynamic Theories Social BehaviourThis essay uses the bionomic and the psychodynamic theories to explain well-disposed demeanor, predict the outcomes and sound out the hypothesis thus making an initial assessment on the Banks family. The essay will discuss the prefers and harms of from each one of the theories, the similarities and the differences between both of them and it will conclude that human biography and behaviour is such a strong illustration that a single hypothesis cannot satisfactorily account for all events across the life span. However, it will assert that in want to the Banks family, the ecological model has an advantage everyplace the psychodynamic theory because it holistically encompasses number of issues such as financial security, material benefits, hovictimization, and parents history among early(a)s which do go for effects on the risk of child abuse.The issues identified in the Banks family include star signs bullying, identity issues, and K ens negative early life transactions and his family with Mark.To address these issues, the social hold up will use the ecological theory. The reason for choosing the ecological theory is because it is compatible with the assessment framework (2000)(DOH 2000a) as it links family history, genes, parents and their off springs relationship, economic factors, parental relationship experiences, individuals ability to cope or manage the stress and the interactive effect of risks (Ciccheti and Valentino 2006). Therefore, basing on the ecological perspective, the social work will have to work deep down Marks ecology (Bilson Ross 1999 p.70-71) to find out the difficulties that the family might be facing and to to a fault find possible solution (Ward 1995). The social proletarian will research the three ecological dimensions which are Marks developmental call for, Mel and Kens parenting capacity and family environmental factors (D.O.H 2000a).The social workers will initiate an honest and open partnership with the family with an aim of safeguarding and promoting the wellbeing of Mark and his siblings. This will be for the parents to feel confident thus engaging in the assessment by providing relevant information close to Mark, Mel and John, themselves. He should in like manner endeavour to find out about Marks paternity and any genetic inheritance or temperament issues that might exist between Mark and his biological father (Aldgate and Bradley 1999).The social work will look the parents history by requesting them to describe who they are and the trend of their relationship with Mark. This framework will wait on the social worker to amalgamate the historical and current information about the family, its functioning, problems and relationships (Reder and Duncan 1999 p.98-101) with the view of finding out what is happening to Mark in the context of the integral Banks family and the environmental factors and how they affect the family relationships.Other issues t hat will have to be looked into are the family income, neighbourhood and Marks friendships with his peers. This is because thither is a link between the familys economic disadvantage and the chances that children in the family will not prosper (Utting 1995, Jack 1997)It is also notable that Ken is securely attached to his biological children (Mel and John) and not to Mark who is his step-child. That should trigger the social workers curiosity soce exploring both the parents emotional availability, responsiveness, and their ascriptions to Mark and compare it with the way they interact with Mel and John. This can be done through direct observation, questioning and convocation testimonies from other significant people including professionals such as the general practitioner and the teachers (Department of Health 2000a).The social l worker will also explore Kens childhood experiences because they might be influencing or causing effect to his relationship with Mark (Sroufe et al 2005 p.10). This implies that the quality of care that Ken is providing Mark might in itself be a product of his own developmental history which is characterised by having been in care during childhood, having no father figure, thus his strained relationship with his mother (Cicchetti and Valentino 2006 p.148).It is also notable that all Marks efforts to cognise his biological father proved to be futile. And because of this, Mark might be experiencing identity issues such as depression self- esteem, poor self-image and a poor sense of belonging and acceptance by the family hence his negative behaviour (Draper Draper 1982, p.26). For this reason, the social worker should ensure that he gathers as much information about Marks biological father as possible just in case Mark expresses wishes to see or to know about him.In insure to Marks bullying problem, the social worker would carry out direct work with him. In order to minimise the anti discriminatory and anti oppression practice, the social worker will have to consider his age, gender and culture, religion and any disability or developmental issues. He will have to acknowledge and respect Marks wishes, feelings and his understanding of the implications of the situation in which he finds himself thus making the assessment child centred (DOH 2000a). The social worker would also explore Marks friendships and how the interaction therein influences his negative behaviour (Rutter et al, 1998).At the end of the session, depending on what the social worker makes out of Marks behaviour and his social-emotional condition he may refer Mark for psychological assessment to further establish his emotional wellbeing. The outcome of the psychological assessment will wherefore be used during the core assessment to inform the appropriate plan of intervention to ensure Mark development, safety and wellbeing (Department of Health 2000a)Advantages of the ecological theory.The advantage of using ecological approach is that it focus es on the relationships in transactions between the systems in the ecology thus minimising the predisposition of the professionals to think exclusively in linear terms thus adapting a wide range of intervention hence exploring issues such as social support, social capital and socio-economic difficulties that people experience (Garbarino 1990).The ecological perspective is an integrated model which acknowledges the effects of the biological, psychological social and economic factors that affect the well-being of individuals (Payne, 1994).Disadvantages of using the ecological theory?Despite all the advantages of the ecological approach, it is a long process for families or individuals who need quick solutions for their problems (Payne 1997).The psychodynamic approachAnother theory that can be used to interpret the Banks familys phenomena, predict the outcomes and formulate the hypothesis is the psychodynamic theory. The reason for choosing the psychodymic theory is that it emphasises supporting the ego which is a reality element of the mind hence providing stability and equilibrium to the service user. Through using this approach, the social worker will be able to support Ken and Mark to develop adequate ego strength which will enable then to manage their emotional conflicts and the snags that they may come across in the life span (Goldstein 1984).It is notable that both Mark and Ken do have undecided issues or conflicts which do have roots from their individual childhoods. For that reason, the social worker will explore Ken and Marks conscious and unconscious parts of the minds there by making any reserved painful materials therein conscious hence realising their impact on their surface behaviour (Bee and Boyd, 2006).By focussing on Mark and Kens past and present unconscious and conscious feelings, the social worker may to be able to predict and explain how Mark and Ken may behave during certain situations or conditions. This is underpinned by the psychodynam ic principle that all behaviour is motivated (Bee and Boyd, 2006).Due to the emotional issues already identified, the social worker may explore the how both Mark and Kens egos function and their defence mechanisms. Through respecting and working with their defences, the social worker is ought to recognise the threats that both Mark and Ken face in life and he will discuss the consequences and confusion of their feelings. The social worker would also find out how both Mark and Ken have already move to resolve the conflicts before deciding either to look for other possible ways of dealing with it for example using sublimation or to modify the ways that they have already tried to use (Hollis, 1972).In regard to anti-discriminatory and anti- dictatorial practice, it is helpful to devote the assessment within the framework or perspective of recognising the implication of structural and individuals oppressive practice which leads professionals into an authoritarian and rigidly discrimina tory practice (Davis, ed., 200012,14 cited in Becket Maynard 2005 p.158). This implies that during assessment, professionals are ought to listen and also respect and take into consideration the service users and carers views, choices, age, culture, religion and needs as this makes them feel valued and respected (Brandon, 1990 p.59 cited in Becket Maynard, 2005 p.158).Additionally, Payne (1997 p.89) advises that in professional relationship, social work values involve being tolerant to service users behaviour, promoting heavy client-social worker relationship, rather than personal emotional responses to service users needs. This may mean that professionals are ought to create professional instead of personal relationships with the service users which might negatively affect their independence and impartiality.Advantages of the psychodynamic theoryThe advantage of the psychodynamic theory in social work is that it recognises the impact of past painful life transactional processes a nd helps to create beneficial suspicions about them in relation to the current observable behaviours (Milner OByrne 2009).The psychodynamic theory also lays emphasis on modifying the ego through initiating good client-social worker relationship (Goldstein 1984), thus alter peoples relationships within their environment (Payne 199780).The disadvantages of the psychodynamic theory.However, critics of the psychodynamic theory such as Dorfman (1998 P.70) contend that it is an andocentric theory. This implies that the psychodynamic theory is based on research that was done solely on males and then interpreted to mean all human behaviour which itself is a bias in favour of males and thus partial.Similarity and differences btn the psycho and eco theory.One of the similarities between the psychodynamic and the ecological theory is that both of them consider age and stage appropriateness of behaviour. While the psychodynamic theory takes into account the anal, oral and phallic stages of de velopment, the ecological- transactional perspective views child development as a progressive sequence of age and stage -appropriate tasks in which success at each developmental level must co-ordinate and integrate with the environment and other issues such as emotion regulation, and formation of attachment relationships among others that emerge across the lifespan (Cicchetti and Valentiono 2006 p.143).Although these two theories do have the above similarity, they also have differences. For example, magic spell the psychodynamic theory upholds the concept of the existence of the unconscious mind or awareness (Payne 1997), the ecological perspective focuses on the principle of interaction among the individuals and it also depicts individuals as alert in relation to others in the ecology (Reder and Duncan 1999 p.98-101).In relation to child abuse, Sidebotham et al (2002) argue that the psychodynamic models are deficient to give explanation in this regard and he calls for the use of the ecological models because they include a number of issues such as financial security, material benefits, housing, and parents history among others which do have effects on the risk of child abuse.ConclusionGiven the complexity of the Banks family phenomena, the quest to explain the behaviour, predict the outcomes and formulate the hypothesis requires one to use theories otherwise the assessment would be directionless and woolly. Therefore, this essay has used the psychodynamic and the ecological theory to discuss how an assessment would be done to support the Banks family. It has explored the ethical principle of anti-discriminatory and oppressive practice. It has also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each of them before identifying the similarity and the difference between them and it has given the complicity of human life, all theories work in a complimentary way to give social workers an discriminating understanding of issues in the phenomena with one theory hel ping to explain certain issues more clearly than the other. And in case of child maltreatment, the ecological models has been has had an advantage over the psychodynamic theory because it has holistically encompassed number of issues such as financial security, material benefits, housing , parents history among others which do have effects on the risk of child abuse.

Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the cutting struggleThesis Revisionist or Post revisionist blaming america The Cold War (1947-1991) was a continuing political conflict, military tension, economic controversy and nu displace arm race between the two superpowers of the time, the USA and the USSR. It is a conflict inherited from the Second World War which did not lead to a hot fight but to many proxy wars, coalitions, propaganda and espionage. The Cold War was found in a growing sense of fear and distrust, holding the origin allies to a confrontation that neither could afford but at the same time that neither could escape.There are trine different theses around the origins of the Cold War the Orthodox, the Revisionist and the Post-revisionist.The Orthodox Ameri support view, as set by the the Statesn government and as reaffirmed recently by most American scholars, had been that the Cold War was an essendial response of free men to communistic aggression. The Orthodox view blames the USSR for the take up of the parky war. (ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.)The revisionist thesis is really different. They translate it in its extreme form, that after the depot of World War II the unify Stated deliberately aband nonpareild the wartime policy of collaboration and with the possession of the nuclear bomb, under(a)took a course of aggression to expel Russian influence from Eastern atomic number 63 and to establish commonwealth and capitalism everywhere. This aggression from the United States towards Russia left capital of the Russian Federation no alternative but to take measures of defense. Therefore to have as a result the Cold War. (ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.)The post revisionist view blames both the Americans and the Russians. In the thesis itself, there is a deeper split between scholars in two sort outs those who blame the Americans more(prenominal) and those who blame the Russians more. (Inter internal Relations since 1945 , by Young and Kent)In this paper I will critically examine the origins of the Cold War based in the Post-Revisionist view which blames the USA more than the USSR. There are three main justifications of why the cold war started Ideology, National Security and Power. I will divide this paper in these three main ideas showing them on chronological basis with different examples and I will explain each of them showing that in my view the real origin of the Cold War was the believe for Power and dominance of the USA in europium and the whole knowledge domain.The origins of the Cold War date since World War I, in 1914 when the competing ideas of communism and liberal democracy came into conflict. Since the October revolution took place in Russia (1917) followed by the start of the civil war (1918), the West became worried. chairman Woodrow Wilson immediately sent array to fight against the Bolsheviks. At initiative look this would have analyzemed as a complete normal action Wilson had to send promenade to fight against the Bolsheviks otherwise he would not respect the 14 points he had addressed to the congress.Thinking ab out(a) the 14 points which included peace, liberty, internal self-determination, free trade and inter topic cooperation one could understand that the action of sending troops to fight the Bolsheviks was not only because of respecting this points that he had made himself. By analyzing it, we can see that if the USA let Russia have the revolution and establish communism, there would not be any free trade and the USA would not be leading the world anymore. Since that time we can see that there was ground for the start of the Cold War. This intervention from Wilson showed clearly and convinced Stalin and many others, even more that the West would do everything to destroy his communist dream.After the Second World War the alliance between the three leaders of the three superpowers, USA, Russia and Britain started to have problems. This allian ce was created thanks to the help of a common greater enemy and soon its end would come. The alliance was successful because it had won the war, but it would not be able to survive the peace. The historic differences, the ideologies and mostly the need for power were two difficult to overcome. approximately three decades later these ideologies did not change. There were many conferences that took place. One to mention was the Potsdam conference were no agreement was reached. At the conference President Truman asked Stalin to withdraw his troops from Central and Eastern Europe and to hold free elections in Poland. Stalin answered firmly that he was not going to do so because this would harm his national security department. Poland has forever been the border that the threat for Russia could come from, that is why it is more than justified that Russia has to look after its national security. This did not convince the West. But was Russia to blame for trying to protect its own state from a threat? It is true that Russia did not join the United Nations, and Hull said that this security could be achieved with a post war peacemaking organization, but in this case the UN was an American organization.A big reason for the start of the Cold War was the division of Germany. The superpowers could not find an agreement in this case. By 1946, the United States and Britain were making every effort to unify all of Germany under western rule. The Soviet Union responded by consolidating its grip on Europe by creating satellite states in 1946 and 1947. One by one, communist governments, loyal to Moscow, were set up in Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. Stalin apply Soviet communism to dominate half of Europe. Why Stalin did this might not be clear. Was he trying to build an international communist movement beginning in Eastern Europe? Or, was he simply trying to protect his borders from any intervention on the part of the United States or the allies as with the case of Poland?Another cause of the cold war revolved around a relatively new development in United States-Soviet relations. At the beginning of 1946, Truman decided that he was tired of baby sitting the Soviets who understand only an iron fist and strong language. Stalin responded in February with a speech stressing the basic incompatibility between Soviet communism and western democracy, so inaugurating a new hard line policy. Frustrated, Washington found meaning in a crucial document known as the Long Telegram. In 1946, the Soviet expert George Kennan, sent an 8000 word telegram to Washington from Moscow. Kennan was a Foreign Service officer who new Russia well. He understood their history, their culture and their language. Kennan explained the communist mentality in the following way. The Soviets hostility to the west is rooted in the need to legitimize their bloody dictatorship they must therefore believe in the inevitable triumph of communism over the beast capitalism. The Soviets , Kennan continued, would exploit every opportunity to extend their system and therefore could not and would not be born-again to a policy of harmony and cooperation.(ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr)While at the same day of the Potsdam conference (it was the first day of the conference) in the desert of Mexico a blinding flash was seen. This blinding flash was nothing else but the first test for the atomic bomb, which did start the nuclear age. Was Russia now right to be come to somewhat their national security? With this act of the possession of a very dangerous weapon the USA pushed its limits and put more pressure on the Russian making the relations even worst. The USA had no excuses to dumbfound about their national security in terms of territory or weapons. The world had to worry about their national security because the USA just showed them their immense power.The question that I would like to raise in this crucial point is Did America fought for politi cal orientation or was it for national security? How could the Americans talk about a world of freedom, peace and international cooperation when they were the ones who produced a lethal weapon which could bring just war and destruction?If they fought for national security in the USA, what kind of security was it? The Americans were not threatened in terms of land, nor would anyone go and invade them. Why did they claim that their national security was strongly connected with what was happening in other countries in the world? I strongly believe, and facts show as well that national security was only a mask to hide behind the aim of the USA to dominate the world.Americans did not limit their interventions just in Europe. During the Korean War we could see that the Americans sent their troops there with the pretest of peace and freedom, but the reality was different. They send their troops with the only death which was to defend American interest in the region. They did not limit the mselves to just support the sulfur Koreans but they pushed until they reached the Chinese border. They were very close to start the Third World War.These actions do not show a nation that promotes peace and freedom, but one that promotes imperialism and dominance of the world.When President Truman voiced his accusation at the White House regarding red imperialism he said so The United Nations is in Korea because they have to put down an aggression that threatens all human hopes for peace and justice. If the aggression is successful it will spread in Asia, Europe and America. We are fighting in Korea for our own national security and survival.As I said above the Americans did not have a matter of national security. They were not endangered in terms of land and territory rather they were endangered by an attack from the USSR. Maybe Europe and Asia and the rest of the world should be more concerned about their national security now that America had in its possession the atomic bomb.Ma ybe what President Truman meant was that if communism wins in Korea it would be a threat to his plan to dominate the world because he would have to share the power with the USSR.When the Russians developed nuclear power, the USA used this against them. People went out in the streets of America protesting against the evil Russian empire that had nuclear weapons and was planning to destroy the world. This showed that propaganda was a big weapon in the hands of American politicians. No one thought of what Russian people feared when they realized that the Americans had nuclear weapons. Since this was an arm race and since the Americans processed it into a nuclear race I believe that it was more than justified for the Russians to develop their own nuclear weapons in the name of security.During this time a new phenomenon started in America. As I said before propaganda was very important. The Americans were scared that communism would start within the country and its own people, which is why they used Hollywood actors to talk against it. The USA propaganda was that America was a place where freedom of speech, religion, political views was respected unlike Russia where if people were against communism, they were jailed or killed. It did not look like this was the case for the Hollywood Ten. The Hollywood Ten was a group of actors and other famous figures of television that refused to talk publicly against communism. They all were commanded to jail because of their beliefs. This clearly is an example that shows how these two ideologies were more similar than they appeared to be.President Truman in one of his speeches said that he was not going to end democracy and he was not going to turn FBI in Gestapo to fight communism. He was going to go out freedom of speech, of choice and peace promises that he did not keep, shown in the act of jailing the Hollywood ten and many other communist supporters.After the death of the Soviet Union leader the communist world was alien ated. No one knew who would lead the country therefore a group leadership took place. Georgi Malenkov spoke for the party in one of their meetings by stating We stand as we have always stood, for peaceful coexistence of the two systems. This was clearly a strong statement that for the first time sent a message of peace and cooperation to the USA from the USSR. The question that raises here is if this was just soviet propaganda or if the new leaders where different than the old. Even if it was one or the other, this was a moment for peace and cooperation. If this chance for peace ever existed the USA secretary of state John Foster Dulles destroyed it by construction publicly We are not dancing on any Russian tune. His view was that the declaration of Malenkov was a Russian plot to divide the western allies. notwithstanding from showing paranoia and mistrust and fear, which was normal in a time of war, this shows also the small interest of the Americans for cooperation and peace it clearly means that the Americans wanted to get release of the USSR and rule the world alone.At the time when Nikita Hrushov became the leader of the USSR, relations with the USA changed. He was the first leader from the USSR to visit the USA. After his visit there, he denotative in the Party meeting that relationships with the USA will be friendlier from now on. This would lead to a peaceful world order. In the meantime the Americans had been flying recognise prostrates on Soviet air. While the Soviets where having one of their national parades, where they showed the friendship between the two superpowers one of the American spy planes was flying in Soviet air. The plane was shot down by the Soviets and as it crushed, at the same time the hopes for peace and cooperation between the two powers crushed as well. If the Americans would have accepted the cooperation and favorable relations they were constructing with the USSR and not be greedy and spy on them the world would have bee n more peaceful. But the Americans view was not to preserve their ideology and national security but to dominate the world.Because they screwed the relationships with Russia they had to lie both to their people and to the Russians. But Hrushov knew that this was not the truth. In the end the American leader had to come to an open field and reveal the truth. This did not help the government look better in the eyes of the people or of the USSR.The Vietnam War made it even worst. America helped South Vietnam by supporting it in becoming a capitalist country. Although Vietnam was not of any importance to the American they feared that if the Vietnamese turned to be communist many other countries would do the same. They believed in the Domino principle. The difference of Vietnam from other countries was that Vietnam was no communism under Moscow. Its leader Ho Chi Minh was communist itself and he used communism to bring people together in one state. After two decades of unsuccessful war t he Americans left Vietnam. After Vietnams War people lost trust in the government and communism overcame democracy. It was not a good time for the Americans which decided to use the policy of Dtente.When the troops came back from Vietnam, President Gerald Ford said as follows These events tragic as they are show neither the end of the world nor the end of American leadership in the world.With these take in words I believe that it was the first time that a western leader went out so openly to express the real intentions of the Americans. From Fords words we can understand that these intentions were far away from spreading of freedom, peace and national security, but they were about Americas leadership in of the world.The Vietnam War was a very good triumph for the Russians. During the Vietnam Syndrome in the US and with the victory of the Vietnam War the Russians continued to produce more arms and to march towards the goal of winning the cold war which was one of their biggest mista kes.The United States did not intervene only in Vietnam and Korea but in many other places as well. Because of the expansionist threat they had from the Soviet Union, in 1949 President Truman and the telling approved nearly 400$ million for technical development programs in Latin America, Asia and Africa. The goal of this program, as the American claim was to modernize and strengthen ontogeny nations and discourage the growth of communism. By giving this aid, as the Marshall Plan they were not aiming in helping these nations, but being able to have them under American control in the future. These are steps that Americans took towards governing the world. While the Americans thought of universalism, the Russians thought of spheres of influence and the British thought of a balance of powers. It is clear that the Americans wanted universalism because if not they would have been cut out of the world and would not be able to take part in European politics and last taking. What the Rus sians wanted was just to ensure their national security which was constantly threatened and keep governing Easter Europe. (ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.)The difference between America and the USSR is, that the USSR did not intervene in many countries and made them communist they helped those countries who wanted to become. (Example Vietnam) In contrast America intervened in every country that wanted to turn its regime in communism with their free will. This shows that the Americans were not concerned about the will of the people in each country, but they were mostly concerned about their power and their position in the world.Another example of the American intervention in European affairs was also the creation of NATO. The idea for something like NATO grew from commonplace European fears of renewed Soviet aggression. Hitler was still on everybodys mind. Although Hitler was dead, was Stalin perhaps viewed as the next aggressor? Regardless of whether or not Stal in was hell-bent on world domination, the point here is that he was perceived to be an aggressor in the Hitler mold. Western Europe also needed some guarantee from the United States that they would be protected from any aggression while they began the slow process of economic recovery.For the United States, NATO signified that the United States could no longer remain isolated from European affairs. Indeed, NATO meant that European affairs were now American affairs as well. But Stalin was not Hitler. Furthermore, the Soviets were not Nazis. And in the end there was very little rise of a Soviet plot to invade Western Europe. All NATO really did was intensify Soviets fears of the West and to produce even higher levels of international tension.In conclusion, based on the post-revisionist view with a higher blame on America I have to say that the only origin of the cold war was the goal of the USA to govern the world an goal that we can see reached in todays world.

An Analysis of Two Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Es

An Analysis of dickens Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The commodious Gatsby Juxtaposing both scenes in a narrative allows them to be easily comp atomic number 18d and contrasted. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds legend The Great Gatsby, two such scenes require specific assistance. The impromptu party that is thrown by gobbler Buchanan and his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, followed immediately by Jay Gatsbys party at his house, call for the attention of the reader because of the implications of these contiguous scenes. The result of analyzing the two scenes is that one can infer certain qualities of each mans character. By paying specific event to the dcor of the parties, the celebrate that each character commands from people at their parties, the guests who arrive at the parties, and the overall purpose of hosting the party, one can deduce that Tom and Gatsby are polar opposites. The starting signal element of the parties that should be examined is the dcor of Myrtle Wilsons apartment c ompared to that of Gatsbys house. In the first line describing the apartment, the narrator, Nick Carraway, informs the reader of the lack of comfort in the apartment and the prove awkwardness of the setting The apartment was on the top floor - a small living room, a small dining room, a small sleeping accommodation and a bath (33). Nicks description makes it amazingly clear to the reader how unhappy and unpleasant the situation was, not only for himself, but for Tom and Myrtle, as salutary as the other guests in attendance, Catherine, Myrtles sister, and the McKees, neighbors who live in the same building. One can imagine the walls virtually closing in because of the overcrowding furniture, the vanquish size and fortissimo of Tom and his ego, and the oversized picture of Myrtles ... ...orks Cited and Consulted Allen, Joan. The Great Gatsby and Modern Times. Urbana U of Illinois P, 1994. deKoster, Katie, ed. Readings on The Great Gatsby. San Diego Greenhaven, 1998. Higgins, John A. F. Scott Fitzgerald A Study of the Stories. New York St. Johns UP, 1971. Hindus, Milton. F. Scott Fitzgerald An debut and Interpretation. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968. Matterson, Stephen. The Great Gatsby. London Macmillan, 1990. Pelzer, Linda Claycomb. Student Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Westport, CT Greenwood P, 2000. Piper, Henry Dan. F. Scott Fitzgerald A Critical Portrait. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965. Zhang, Aiping. Enchanted Places The Use of Setting in F. Scott Fitzgeralds Fiction. Westport, CT Greenwood P, 1997. An Analysis of Two Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby EsAn Analysis of Two Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Juxtaposing two scenes in a narrative allows them to be easily compared and contrasted. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby, two such scenes require specific attention. The impromptu party that is thrown by Tom Buchanan and his mistress, Myrtle Wilson , followed immediately by Jay Gatsbys party at his house, call for the attention of the reader because of the implications of these contiguous scenes. The result of analyzing the two scenes is that one can infer certain qualities of each mans character. By paying specific detail to the dcor of the parties, the respect that each character commands from people at their parties, the guests who arrive at the parties, and the overall purpose of hosting the party, one can deduce that Tom and Gatsby are polar opposites. The first element of the parties that should be examined is the dcor of Myrtle Wilsons apartment compared to that of Gatsbys house. In the first line describing the apartment, the narrator, Nick Carraway, informs the reader of the lack of comfort in the apartment and the ensuing awkwardness of the setting The apartment was on the top floor - a small living room, a small dining room, a small bedroom and a bath (33). Nicks description makes it amazingly clear to the reader ho w unhappy and unpleasant the situation was, not only for himself, but for Tom and Myrtle, as well as the other guests in attendance, Catherine, Myrtles sister, and the McKees, neighbors who live in the same building. One can imagine the walls virtually closing in because of the overcrowding furniture, the overpowering size and strength of Tom and his ego, and the oversized picture of Myrtles ... ...orks Cited and Consulted Allen, Joan. The Great Gatsby and Modern Times. Urbana U of Illinois P, 1994. deKoster, Katie, ed. Readings on The Great Gatsby. San Diego Greenhaven, 1998. Higgins, John A. F. Scott Fitzgerald A Study of the Stories. New York St. Johns UP, 1971. Hindus, Milton. F. Scott Fitzgerald An Introduction and Interpretation. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968. Matterson, Stephen. The Great Gatsby. London Macmillan, 1990. Pelzer, Linda Claycomb. Student Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Westport, CT Greenwood P, 2000. Piper, Henry Dan. F. Scott Fitzger ald A Critical Portrait. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965. Zhang, Aiping. Enchanted Places The Use of Setting in F. Scott Fitzgeralds Fiction. Westport, CT Greenwood P, 1997.

Industrial Hemp Should be Legal Essay -- Argument for Industrial Hemp

Just the mention of the word Cannabis in todays society brings about all types of negative connotations. This is understandable collectible to the major propaganda campaign that has been waged by the U.S. government on the plant. Most citizens have no idea what a mature Cannabis plant looks like, and close to no(prenominal) recognize the thousands of uses it has. This is authorship will not discuss whether drug-type Cannabis should be legalized for recreational or medicinal purposes, what it will discuss is the many environmentally gracious products that can be make from non-psychoactive hemp.The Columbia Hi stratum of the World states that the first archaeological record of human industry is a piece of hemp fabric. This is will to the fact that the Cannabis plant has been use since the dawn of mankind for all types of purposes, and only lately has fallen out of use due to its barrier by capitalists. Earlier cultures used it for fabric, rope, oil for lighting lamps, medicin e, and paper, to name the most important ones. With the rise of technology we have alternative resources to use for those products, but atomic number 18 they superior? Cotton accounts for half of the agricultural chemicals used in America today. Now, forests are cut down to make paper that is inferior to hemp paper in every way. We have all types of petrochemical oils that are used today, but studies have shown that hemp oil can accomplish all of the major tasks that new-fangled synthetic oils achieve. Medicine will not be discussed, but it will be said that Cannabis is listed in the oldest surviving medical text, and for thousands of years was used to treat almost every symptom that a human can acquire.Non-Psychoactive Cannabis has been popularly known as Industrial Hemp. There are triplet main varieties of the plant ones with good persona, ones with good oils, and one with good psychoactive properties. Industrial Hemp is very easy to grow and harvest. It does not requi re an abundance of fertilizers to grow. Nor does it require pesticides/herbicides/fungicides because insects never pose a serious threat due to its alarmingly fast growth rate and natural defense system.Hemp fiber is the strongest natural fiber in the world, the reason why it was used for all ship rigging up to the modern age. Hemp fabric has an excellent food grain that gets softer with each use, insofar keeps it durability. Despite its ... ...to be the staple of Kentuckys economy, too. Willard R. Jillson, in 1942, wrote a speech about the hemp industry in Kentucky and stated, Born with the Commonwealth, the story of the hemp industry in Kentucky is, in effect, a history of the state itself. (1) In a strange dichotomy of policy, even after the governments war on the plant and its illegalization, during WWII the USDA requested that childrens 4-H clubs in Kentucky grow hemp for the war The University of Kentucky still has this flier in their archives.The case has been made for why Industrial Hemp should be allowed to be grown by U.S. farmers. It has also been shown that the major reasons against its use are completely unconvincing, for they are based in selfishness, corruption, and misinformation. Industrial Hemp is an environmentally friendly alternative to many of the most used and most polluting resources in the U.S. today. With all the damage being done to the earths environment by modern industry, the time to use Hemp again is more important than ever. So, as one can see, the issue is complex, yet the answer is clear. Unfortunately the antagonist is one of mans oldest and strongest enemies, greed.