CIPS Legal Aspects - Assignment Two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CIPS Legal Aspects - Assignment Two - Essay Example The letter of intent sent out by QSC may not initially be binding upon the parties in their entirety. However, it could be interpreted as binding on the parties if it closely resembles a contract. The letter of intent in this case has clearly specified that the binding terms of the contract would be QSC’s and the formal contract prepared by the procurement team is also in accordance with QSC’s terms. Letters of intent have traditionally been held to be non binding. For example, in the case of Turiff Construction Ltd v Regalia Knitting Mills Ltd2 it was held that a letter of intent will have two characteristics (a) it will express the intent to enter into a contract in the future and (b) it will itself create no liability in reference to the future contract. This would at the outset, suggest that QSC’s letter of intent specifying that its own contractual terms will prevail, may not have binding force. But in the Turniff Construction case, the Court nevertheless up held the contractual obligations associated with the letter of intent, on the basis of the facts in the case. In the case of British Steel Corporation v Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co Ltd3, while it was held that while no contract was created based on the letter of intent itself, liability was nevertheless imposed. The Court in this instance pointed out that both the parties had expected a formal contract to eventuate, therefore work commenced after the issue of the letter of intent - if followed by a contract - â€Å"will be treated as having been performed under that contract.†4 This was also affirmed by Neill LJ in Monk Construction Ltd v Norwich Union Life Assurance Society5, in making a general statement that a contract may come into existence following a letter of intent, depending upon the individual circumstances of the case. According to HH Judge Thornton in A.C. Controls v British Broadcasting Corporation, â€Å"in construing and giving effect to a letter of intent,

Lincoln's Assassination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lincoln's Assassination - Essay Example The Civil War had major implications in the life and death of Lincoln. In 1865, five days after the Civil War ended, Lincoln was shot dead by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at the Ford’s Theatre with his wife.2 The factors that led to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln did not eventually justify its outcome in the preceding days. Though Booth was convicted for his crimes, not many of those other conspirers were. This indeed created lots of perplexity among the historians and the researchers, in asserting who may or may not have been involved in the assassination along with Booth. There were many conspiracies as whether Booth was solely responsible or he was just a tool in a major plot conspiracy hatched by a group of people. However, the idea that the assassination was a result of grand conspiracy of the Confederates arose immediately after the tragic happening. There exist many facts and evidences to support the possibilities of Confederates plotting the assassina tion of Lincoln. ... ain.3 This is mainly because the Proclamation freed only the slaves in the seceded states while others had to wait until the Constitution was amended in 1865. To add up to the circumstances, the proclamation blocked the intervention of Britain or France into the war, for the support of the Southern states, as they did not want to be portraying it as a war for slavery. All these incidences created hatred against the Lincoln’s presidency, personating him as a tyrant. Though the South had hatred for Lincoln and was fighting for their independence, the Confederate’s plot to abduct or kill Lincoln arose after an Dahlgren incident of discovering Union cavalry officer’s concealed papers, which revealed the attempts of Union soldiers to kill Davis.4 When those Dahlgren Papers were distributed as evidences for plot to kill President Davis, it created outrage and disapproval for the Union government across the Southern states. â€Å"In the resulting uproar Southern newspa pers blasted Lincoln and Union leaders as depraved murderers and ferocious criminals and demanded that they be held personally accountable.†5 Booth was suspected as the Confederate’s secret services operative. One of the strong reasons behind it was that, there were coded letters found in the belongings of Booth, revealing his connection with the Confederates. In addition to that, when Booth escaped, he travelled using an underground path, which the Confederate spy network used to secretly transport resources to and fro. Also, the testimony given by George Atzerodt, a fellow Confederate conspirator, implicated that there were also plans to explode the White House for killing the President.6 However, there is also objection to the fact that Booth was solely a puppet in the hands of Confederate. Being a

Women Leadership In Public Sector History Essay

Women Leadership In Public Sector History Essay In a fast paced and changing environment, the focus of attention is increasingly on the need for effective leadership not just good management, and women have recently proved that they are not only good in making food and taking care of children, but also good in leading the society and promoting a better generations. Moreover, women made dramatic gains in electoral politics, winning a number of high profile positions of national leadership and a record number of seats in parliaments around the world. However, ladies who are aspiring to leadership positions are facing particular challenges; they often face far more meticulous tests to determine their suitability for promotion and must be active in seeking selection for leadership positions. Nevertheless, in order to create your own opportunities, you should acquire the characteristics and competencies of an effective leader and integrate these into your personal leadership style not caring about your identity or gender. Furthermore, through interactive exercises and group discussions, female will gain powerful communication, negotiation and influencing skills which will help them succeed in male oriented working environments. They will learn how to achieve an assertive but not aggressive response styles and create and sustain an image of authority. They will also acquire valuable techniques to help them lead, empower and motivate their staff to excel. To give an opportunity for women to develop practical leadership skills as well as to benefit from the breadth of knowledge and experience of their peers within a range of commercial and public organizations is an obligation and a duty in the hands of the government. In fact, a large number of women around the world have set up and managed their own businesses. It was not easy for those women to succeed in business. They had to face a lot of difficulties and overcome a number of barriers to become successful in their ventures. They had to deal with discrimination and endure the doubt of society, and also put in more effort than men to prove their credibility to others. The frequent mismatch that arose against women, on the one hand is because of societal discourses and media representations which often reproduced slim and highly stereotypical accounts of womens leadership, and on the other hand, because individual womens subjective experiences of leadership challenged such representations. Many experiences have been conducted concerning womens leadership, One of them was done through the Student Leadership Practices Inventory (Student LPI) and Leadership Competency Inventory (LCI), demographic questionnaire, and focus group interviews have been asked, the researchers explored the leadership training the women had received and their perception of their leadership abilities and development needs. The findings showed that the women reported frequently demonstrated exemplary leadership practices and many possessed significant leadership experience. Participants scored highest on competencies utilizing people skills and lowest in areas reflecting competence in cognitive or strategic skills. While exposed to formal leadership education, they reported receiving their leadership education primarily through observation and experience. Data from other studies were gathered in three diverse sample conditions to examine whether male and female managers differed in styles of leadership observed by their direct reports and they examined differences in both transformational and transactional leadership styles using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. In three samples, women leaders were rated by both their female and male direct reports as displaying certain key aspects of transformational leadership (i.e. charisma, individualized consideration) more frequently than men. Although the effect sizes were generally small, the results of these studies suggest that women are no less transformational than their male counterparts, and may, in fact, be more so. The sex of the raters did not appear to make any difference in the results obtained. What studies and research have shown? According to  the new Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu report, Paths to  power: Advancing women in government, launched in advance of International Womens Day on March 8, governments have been more successful at advancing women than the  private sector. Globally, women are increasingly being elected and appointed to  positions of power within the  public sector such as heads of state, ministers and cabinet members, and legislators more so than in the  private sector. Furthermore, Talent and knowledge are the  most important resources a  nation can possess, said Greg Pellegrino, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Global Public Sector Industry Leader, and one of the  authors of the  report. Womens progress has vital implications for the  health and growth of governments, companies, and nations. Therefore, it is crucial that governments and companies work together to  harness and cultivate global female talent, to  help create positive change and ensure continued growth and success. According to Diana Radl Roger, partner at Deloitte Czech Republic and Slovakia, creating appropriate conditions for women is a  very difficult task because it demands cooperation of the whole organization. In  my opinion, companies that take care of and support a  better work-life balance, win their employees loyalty, and not only their female employees. They provide incentives for higher performance and professional growth. Indeed, the number of women in a company suggests the companys culture and  values, Progress with respect to  womens participation in the  public sector serves as a  model for the  private sector. Countries that have women in government leadership positions have an  increased number of issues affecting women on the  legislative agenda, often resulting in positive societal and economic developments. For example, after ten women won parliamentary seats in Kenya, legislation relating to  womens issues, such as combating domestic violence, was passed into law. Likewise, research has shown companies with women in leadership positions perform better and achieve more economic rewards than those without women representation. The  top 500 multinational firms, which had at least three women on their boards, saw a  16.7  percent return on equity, while average companies just saw an  11.5  percent return. Evidence suggests that as female representation in government increases, their shared interests emerge, bringing about increased attention of issues affecting women. It also paves the  way for more women to  move up the  ranks, as their predecessors break down many of the  cultural and institutional biases still in existence. As the  world grows ever more interconnected, talent is becoming increasingly mobile. With the  exception of North America, regions throughout the  world are experiencing a  brain drain, in which educated women are emigrating at alarming rates in search of advancement opportunities. For example, in Africa alone, 27.7  percent of females with tertiary education emigrate 10  percent more than men. What are the steps to be taken to preserve women rights to leadership? An organization-wide culture shift is required to  nurture an  environment that is friendly to  women and encourages their advancement. In reality, women are a  critical national resource for economic growth  .Womens progress has vital implications for the  health and growth of governments, companies, and nations. Both the  private and public sectors must continue to  nurture and advance diverse talent including high-potential women in order to  stay competitive and grow. According to Anne Weisberg who is the director of Deloitte Services LP in the  United States, and one of the  authors of the  report, While women have used individual strategies to  achieve their ambitions, accelerating the  advancement of women into positions of leadership in the  government will require new organizational strategies led by those in senior positionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Among others steps, it will require organizations to  establish metrics and accountability measures, focus on career development for women and promote work life integration. The insertion of women in the workforce is critically important to the economy. Research has shown that if you have women in leadership in a company, it performs better. The same is true for the public sector. In fact, having women in high levels of government according to Excellency Maha Nakib, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is important, but whats more important is having women who can make a difference. The United States Case: In the United States, women are increasingly praised for having excellent skills for leadership and, in fact, women, more than men, manifest leadership styles associated with effective performance as leaders. Nevertheless, more people prefer male than female bosses, and it is more difficult for women than men to become leaders and to succeed in Male dominated leadership roles. This mix of apparent advantage and disadvantage that women leaders experience reflects the considerable progress toward gender equality that has taken place in both attitudes and behavior, coupled with the lack of complete attainment of this goal. United States, where women constitute 24% of the chief executives of organizations, 37% of all managers, and 43% of individuals in management, financial, and financial operations occupations (U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2006,). Although no one would argue that gender equality has arrived or is even near at hand, such statistics reflect massive social change in womens roles and opportunities. Advantages mixed with disadvantages: Alice H. Eagly argues in her book Psychology of Women Quarterly that research has established a mixed picture for contemporary female leadership. Women leaders on average manifest valued, effective leadership styles, even somewhat more than men do, and are often associated with successful business organizations. Attitudinal prejudice against women leaders appears to have lessened substantially, although even now there are more Americans who prefer male than female bosses. People say that they would vote for a woman for president; however, only slightly more than half of Americans indicate that the country is ready to have a female president. Because of the remaining prejudicial barriers, women face challenges as leaders that men do not face, especially in settings where female leaders are nontraditional. Such signs of advantage mixed with disadvantage and trust mixed with distrust are contradictory only on the surface. They are manifestations of gender relations that have changed dramatically yet have not arrived at equality between the sexes. Changes occurring in the 21st century: Many women have contended successfully with barriers to their leadership, as shown by the fact that women now have far more access to leadership roles than at any other period in history. The inroads of women into positions of power and authority reflect many underlying changes (Eagly Carli, 2003, in press)-above all, womens high level of paid employment (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007) and a lessening of the time demands of womens housework, accompanied by greater sharing of childcare and housework with husbands and partners (Bianchi, Robinson, Milkie, 2006; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2005). Associated with these shifts in roles is a large increase in womens education, whereby young women have become more educated than young men (U. S. National Center for Education Statistics, 2005). Because these changes in employment and education are accompanied by psychological changes in the form of increasing agency in women (e.g., Twenge, 1997, 2001) and greater career ambition (e.g., Astin, Oseguera, Sax,Korn,2002), women have achieved many more leadership positions than in the past. Women continue to encounter impediments to leadership within organizations, but many of these impediments can be removed or weakened by organizational changes designed to improve womens (and minorities) access to and success in leadership roles (e.g., Kalev, Dobbin,Kelly, 2006; Rapoport, Bailyn, Fletcher,Pruitt, 2002; Yoder, Schleicher, McDonald, 1998). On the other hand, the authors of Gender Equity or Bust! On the Road to Campus  Leadership  with Women in Higher Education argue that, Born of a patriarchal tradition, higher education continues to marginalize  women  at every turn as students, administrators, faculty, and athletic leaders. Whether the bias is conscious or unconscious,  women  are being penalized consistently for their gender (Wenniger and Conroy, 2001: 7) However, taking into consideration the deep changes taking place in womens roles and in the cultural explanation of good leadership, it is clear that women will continue their rise toward greater power and authority. The 20th-century shift toward gender equality has not ceased but is continuing (Jackson, 1998). The presence of more women in leadership positions is one of the clearest indicators of this transformation. Are women interested in political leadership? Women  would not be equally represented in student  government, much like they are not equally represented in the federal government, because they do not choose to run for office. One explanation is that  women  are not as interested in politics and  government  as men. The second explanation for not running for office could be that they do not believe they are qualified. Ultimately, these findings show that further research in which female student  government  representatives, candidates and the student body electorate are asked specifically why  women  might not be running for office or getting elected would offer more insight into this gender division of  leadership. Gender and Leadership: When it comes to gender and leadership, one thing is clear. Women can be successful in leading both private and public sector organizations. Women corporate leaders face a special set of challenges due to the male dominated nature of these things. Because women are members of the lower status minority group, for them assimilation creates problems with cultural adaption, the inability to maintain a positive sense of identity, feelings of marginalization and isolation and increased exposure to harassment and other stressors. (Korabik, 1997) What is the role of the media in all this? An analysis of media discourses on womens leadership, suggests the need for more nuanced ways of understanding women leaders identity formation that combine a range of macro and micro methodologies. It points to the importance of including an examination of both the specific organizational fields and the broader political, social and economic discourses of womens leadership, as mediating influences on the construction of womens leadership habits. It is our hoped that our study reveals the need for more complex ways of understanding women leaders identity formation and, in so doing, opens up productive spaces from which may flow subjugated knowledge of diverse womens leadership. Where is the female disadvantage? Our meta-analytic demonstration that women fare less well than men in male-dominated and masculine leadership roles identifies context-specific disadvantage (e.g., Eagly et al., 1995)-that is, in some leadership roles, women face obstacles that men do not face. If women who are in fact equal to their male counterparts are treated differently either in their access to male-dominated leader roles or in evaluations of their performance once they are in such roles, women would indeed face disadvantage as leaders. Such Disadvantage would be prejudicial, as defined by less favorable treatment of women than men, despite their objective equality (Eagly Diekman, 2005) one place to look for evidence of prejudicial disadvantage is in studies of attitudes toward female and male leaders. Especially informative are national polls that have asked representative samples of respondents for evaluations of men and women as leaders. Such polls have consistently shown favoritism toward male over female leaders. For example, for many years, pollsters have asked people what they think about personally having a job in which a woman or a man has authority over them. The specific Gallup Poll question is If you were taking a new job and had your choice of a boss, would you prefer to work for a man or woman? These data show a preference for male bosses over female bosses, although this differential in favor of men has decreased substantially through the years. What are the female advantages? Although revealing relatively small differences, findings indicate an advantage for women leaders. Women, more than men, appear to lead in styles that recommend them for leadership. In contrast, men, more than women, appear to lead in less advantageous styles by attending to subordinates failures to meet standards or by displaying behaviors that involve avoiding solving problems until they become acute and by being absent or uninvolved at critical times. What is clear from the meta-analysis is that women leaders, on average, exert leadership through behaviors considered appropriate for effective leadership under contemporary conditions. Why might women and men display somewhat different leadership styles within the limits set by their leader roles? Women are faced with accommodating the sometimes conflicting demands of their roles as women and their roles as leaders. In general, people expect and prefer that women be communal, manifesting traits such as kindness, concern for others, warmth, and gentleness and that man be agentic, manifesting traits such as confidence, aggressiveness, and self-direction (e.g., Newport, 2001; Williams and Best, 1990). Because leaders are thought to have more agentic than communal qualities (Powell, Butterfield, Parent, 2002; Schein, 2001), stereotypes about leaders generally resemble stereotypes of men more than stereotypes of women. As a result, men can seem usual or natural in most leadership roles, thereby placing women at a disadvantage (Eagly Karau, 2002; Heilman, 2001). Consequences of prejudice toward female leaders: Although prejudicial attitudes do not invariably produce discriminatory behavior, such attitudes can limit womens access to leadership roles and foster discriminatory evaluations when they occupy such positions. Social scientists have evaluated womens access to leadership roles through a large number of studies that implement regression methods. Finally, women have different opinions and views and having just one woman does not mean all are represented. We need to take more action in order to ensure that leadership women who have the style and the personality of a leader are taking their chance and are being represented. Moreover in order to ensure this right, we should provide women with education because in educating a woman, you educate a community. In the 21st century, many women are coming up in government and its really important to give them the mentorship they need to grow their careers and to motivate other women to act like them. This way, women will embrace a participative empowering consensus-building style of leadership and women will change the nature of power; power will not change the nature of women. (Bella Abzug, State of the World Forum, 1996)

Mark Twain a Racist? Absolutely not! Essays -- Literary Analysis

Celebrating its 135th anniversary this year, Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic of American literature and is read by millions across the nation every year. However, many claim that the book promotes and endorses the heinous act of racism. In their attacks on the classic, many of the book’s critics employ evidence such as the use of the n-word 211 times (Powers, 2010) and the novel’s repeated inferior depiction of African-Americans. Many supporters of the novel, though, hail it for being so controversial. They claim that the dialogue started when discussing the book is a great chance for students to broaden their views on many controversial topics. As Harris puts it (2000), "If it isn't a dangerous book, there really is no reason for anybody to read it or teach it". Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn unquestionably does not promote racism, and actually serves to question the very idea of racism itself, as shown by T wain’s use of realism, the use of a child narrator, and the author’s deliberate intention to criticize the act of slavery and racism. Throughout Huck Finn, Mark Twain employs realism to accurately portray life along the antebellum Mississippi River. Merriam-Webster defines realism as â€Å"the theory or practice of fidelity in art and literature to nature or to real life and to accurate representation without idealization.† Throughout the novel, Twain uses realism to show readers how life was and how blacks were treated. Many critics of the book criticize the language used in the book. As Powers puts it (2010), â€Å"The controversy exploded in 1957, when the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People condemned its 211 uses of the n-word, the infamous epithet for African ... ...-old boy show them the true path of equality and fairness. Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn clearly does not promote racism, and actually defames it, and the universal lessons taught in the book can still be applied today. Works Cited Camfield, G. (2005). Race. Retrieved from http://dig.lib.niu.edu/twain/race.html Harris, E. (2000, September 26). 'huck finn' still pushes buttons, professor says. Retrieved from http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=3637 Powers, M. (2010, May 05). Mark twain’s â€Å"adventures of huckleberry finn†. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/peopleplace-english/2010/May/20100505151725naneerg0.2608759.html Salwen, P. (Unknown). The quotable mark twain . Retrieved from http://salwen.com/mtquotes.html Twain, M. (1986). The adventues of huckleberry finn. New York, NY: Penguin Books Ltd.

Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary

Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary What are the issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions? When the United States (U. S. ) entering into an agreement with another country it is important that the U. S. Company confirms that the contract is legally enforceable. With international business transactions each country needs to be aware of any international laws and legislations. Both parties should also be aware of changes that are made to international laws and regulations. What are some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business partner based in another country? The consideration a business needs to know are the laws of the country they are doing business in and the country could deny further business transactions if possible legal action is taken. A United States (U. S. ) business has to remember, a law in the U. S. is not the same law in another country. If a law is broken, it may not be implemented in another country as it is in the U. S. A contract is a binding agreement, but it is only binding if the law agrees with it. If there is a good relationship with the country, then the business should be able to trust that the country will make good on it. What factors could work against CadMex's decision to grant sublicensing agreements? A business runs into difficulties with sublicensing agreement when they choose to make several of them, growing a business chance of having lawsuits created against them. Presume a business unnoticed including the sub-paragraphs within the contract which would relieve them of any legal issue because of the agreement, the company could be completely responsible for any financial damages. When the local customs and laws conflict with the customs and laws of an organization operating abroad, which should prevail? Explain why There is no clarification is required when local laws and custom, conflict with laws of companies operating aboard. When a United Stated (U. S. ) business had decided to do business those laws and customs would win out. In most situations, the U. S. based business would have to sign a contract stating they would conduct business in accordance to the law and customs of that country (Melvin, 2011). How would you compare the issues in this simulation to the domestic legal issues discussed in your Week One readings? How should companies resolve domestic and international issues differently? Every time two businesses decide to enter into a contract, each wants their own country law to apply, so their law would protect them. When a business does business with in their own country they know the laws that apply and protect them. The opposite happens when a business decides to do business outside of their own country. They are not as accustomed with the laws of other countries. For companies to protect themselves, they should hire a lawyer who is familiar with the country they are going to do business in. The lawyer of that country can read the contracts and ensure both parties have proper protection (Melvin, 2011).

American Authors and Their Identity (Martin Luther King Jr Sojourner Truth and Thomas Jefferson)

All Americans partake in the American identity, one that represents freedom, equality and all its benefits. Sojourner Truth, Thomas Jefferson, and Martin Luther King Junior all indulged in the American identity to which they held to the highest regard, standing for what they believed was morally right. Although they shared this common identity, their various ways of implementing it were quite dissimilar. In 1776, the second year of the revolutionary war, (1775-1783) Thomas Jefferson, a Virginia congressman, who dared to speak out against the rule of the tyrant, King George III, wrote â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† which would come to be one of the greatest pieces of American Literature. In this epistle to the royal crown, he used stylistic devices such as organization and unique diction; He also uses rhetorical devices such as anaphora to convey his American identity. An identity that resented injustice, and stood for fair treatment of the people by the government. In 1851 Sojourner Truth, who was born a slave in 1797, gave her short yet powerful speech, â€Å"Ain't I a Woman†. This speech was administered at a Women's Convention in Akron, Ohio. The theme of the meeting being women empowerment, her speech complimented the occasion considerably well and passed on her message of equality amongst all with no hindrance through her use of slang and idiomatic expression. On April 16th, 1963, a civil rights activist from Atlanta Georgia, named Martin Luther King Junior, after being imprisoned, wrote a letter to the clergymen of Alabama, criticizing them for condemning his peaceful attempts towards racial equality and justice for the African American community and other minority races. His letter, titled â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† showed examples of syntax, periodic and inverted sentences as well as parallelism. With Great Britain fighting wars on every side of the world, it was imperative that these expenses be funded. The solution was to outrageously tax the colonists in order to solicit funds to settle the war debt. During the Revolutionary period, Jefferson, the spokesperson of the colonists, took to writing to express the anger of the colonists against what would come to be known as the intolerable acts. He uses strict organization to arrange his work by order of importance. The letter first begins with Jefferson stating out the unalienable rights given to one such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. † (Jefferson) He then goes on to list the wrongs the royal crown has committed against the colonists, known as the list of grievances. â€Å"He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. † (Jefferson) Jefferson uses a rhetorical device known as anaphora in the repetition of the word â€Å"he has† as he continues to list the wrongs of the British Empire with each blow more powerful than the last. He concludes the letter by proposing a resolution, one that involves total emancipation from Great Britain. That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved;† (Jefferson) This portion of the Declaration of Independence directly correlates with his American Identity and dream, to see a fully emancipated America on her own, a dr eam in which there is freedom for all abound. He During the Realism era, Sojourner Truth, a former slave, was asked to speak at a women’s convention in Akron, Ohio. Truth spoke with a stern voice, never shy not even for a minute, she capitalizes on the use of informal language and slang, with which she uses to convey her message. She uses words like â€Å"fix† â€Å"racket† and â€Å"twixt†. She also develops a very informal relationship with her audience, making them feel loved, thus gaining their trust. â€Å"Well, children, where there is so much racket there must be something out of kilter. I think that ‘twixt the Negroes of the south†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (Truth) She lets her true American identity be known, one that represents equality among all and a world in which women are being treated fairly and justly. Her use of figurative language through the repetition of the phrase â€Å"Ain’t I a woman†, fully illustrates the ideal that everyone is equal under her American identity. It began on April 3, 1963, with a series of marches and sit-ins against racism and racial segregation. Martin Luther King Junior, along with his colleagues, were arrested and thrown in jail on accounts of disobedience. He faced harsh conditions at the Birmingham city jail but channeled it to writing a great piece that criticizes the Alabama council men for condemning his peaceful protest. Throughout his letter, he uses different types of sentences. Simple sentences, â€Å"Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work or ideas. † (King) compound sentences, â€Å"In those days the Church was not merely a thermometer that recorded the ideas and principles on popular opinion; it was a thermostat that transformed the mores of society. The sentence variances although, seemingly useless, is used to illustrate the importance in the statement being said. To illustrate this, the letter written due to its multiple sentences, ranging with different types to reveal his American identity of an America free of segregation. These three authors used different mediums with which to correct what was wrong with America at the time, and to set the ground for a much more better America. The America that we ca me to see today. Thus revealing their true identity.

Manuel Quezon of the Philippines

Manuel Quezon of the Philippines Manuel Quezon is generally considered the second president of the Philippines, even though he was the first to head the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American administration, serving from 1935 to 1944.  Emilio Aguinaldo, who had served in 1899-1901 during the Philippine-American War, is usually called the first president. Quezon was from an elite mestizo family from the east coast of Luzon. His privileged background did not insulate him from tragedy, hardship, and exile, however. Early Life Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina was born on August 19, 1878, in Baler, now in Aurora Province. (The province is actually named after Quezons wife.) His parents were Spanish colonial army officer Lucio Quezon and primary school teacher Maria Dolores Molina. Of mixed Filipino and Spanish ancestry, in the racially segregated Spanish Philippines, the Quezon family were considered blancos or whites, which afforded them more freedom and higher social status than purely Filipino or Chinese people enjoyed. When Manuel was nine years old, his parents sent him to school in Manila, about 240 kilometers (150 miles) away from Baler. He would remain there through university; he studied law at the University of Santo Tomas  but did not graduate. In 1898, when Manuel was 20, his father and brother were accosted and murdered along the road from Nueva Ecija to Baler. The motive may have been simply robbery, but it is likely that they were targeted for their support of the colonial Spanish government against the Filipino nationalists in the independence struggle. Entry into Politics In 1899, after the US defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War and seized the Philippines, Manuel Quezon joined Emilio Aguinaldos guerrilla army in its fight against the Americans. He was accused a short time later of murdering an American prisoner of war, and was imprisoned for six months, but was cleared of the crime for lack of evidence. Despite all of that, Quezon soon began to rise in political prominence under the American regime. He passed the bar exam in 1903 and went to work as a surveyor and clerk.  In 1904, Quezon met a young Lieutenant Douglas MacArthur; the two would become close friends in the 1920s and 1930s. The newly-minted lawyer became a prosecutor in Mindoro in 1905  and then was elected governor of Tayabas the following year. In 1906, the same year he became governor, Manuel Quezon founded the Nacionalista Party with his friend Sergio Osmena. It would be the leading political party in the Philippines for years to come. The following year, he was elected to the inaugural Philippine Assembly, later renamed the House of Representatives. There, he chaired the appropriations committee and served as majority leader. Quezon moved to the United States for the first time in 1909, serving as one of two resident commissioners to the US House of Representatives. The Philippines commissioners could observe and lobby the US House  but were non-voting members. Quezon pressed his American counterparts to pass the Philippine Autonomy Act, which became law in 1916, the same year that he returned to Manila. Back in the Philippines, Quezon was elected to the Senate, where he would serve for the next 19 years until 1935. He was selected as the first President of the Senate  and continued in that role throughout his Senate career. In 1918, he married his first cousin, Aurora Aragon Quezon; the couple would have four children. Aurora would become famous for her commitment to humanitarian causes. Tragically, she and their eldest daughter were assassinated in 1949. Presidency In 1935, Manuel Quezon headed a Filipino delegation to the United States to witness US President Franklin Roosevelts signing of a new constitution for the Philippines, granting it semi-autonomous commonwealth status. Full independence was supposed to follow in 1946.   Quezon returned to Manila and won the first national presidential election in the Philippines as the Nacionalista Party candidate. He handily defeated Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay, taking 68% of the vote.   As president, Quezon implemented a number of new policies for the country. He was very concerned with social justice, instituting a minimum wage, an eight-hour workday, the provision of public defenders for indigent defendants in court, and the redistribution of agricultural land to tenant farmers. He sponsored the building of new schools across the country, and promoted womens suffrage; as a result, women got the vote in 1937. President Quezon also established Tagalog as the national language of the Philippines, alongside English. Meanwhile, however, the Japanese had invaded China in 1937 and started the Second Sino-Japanese War, which would lead to World War II in Asia. President Quezon kept a wary eye on Japan, which seemed likely to target the Philippines soon in its expansionist mood. He also opened the Philippines to Jewish refugees from Europe, who were fleeing increasing Nazi oppression in the period between 1937 and 1941. This saved about 2,500 people from the Holocaust. Although Quezons old friend, now-General Douglas MacArthur, was assembling a defense force for the Philippines, Quezon decided to visit Tokyo in June of 1938. While there, he tried to negotiate a secret mutual non-aggression pact with the Japanese Empire. MacArthur learned of Quezons unsuccessful negotiation, and relations temporarily soured between the two. In 1941, a national plebiscite amended the constitution to allow presidents to serve two four-year terms rather than a single six-year term. As a result, President Quezon was able to run for re-election. He won the November  1941 poll with almost 82% of the vote over Senator Juan Sumulong. World War II On December 8, 1941, the day after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Japanese forces invaded the Philippines.  President Quezon and other top government officials had to evacuate to Corregidor along with General MacArthur.  He fled the island in a submarine, moving on to Mindanao, then Australia, and finally the United States.  Quezon set up a government in exile in Washington D.C.   During his exile, Manuel Quezon lobbied the US Congress to send American troops back into the Philippines.  He exhorted them to Remember Bataan, in reference to the infamous Bataan Death March.  However, the Filipino president did not survive to see his old friend, General MacArthur, make good on his promise to return to the Philippines. President Quezon suffered from tuberculosis.  During his years in exile in the US, his condition steadily worsened until he was forced to move to a cure cottage in Saranac Lake, New York.  He died there on August 1, 1944.  Manuel Quezon was originally buried in Arlington National Cemetery, but his remains were moved to Manila after the war was over.