Mind Identity Problem :: essays research papers

What is the definition of identity? Better yet, what is the definition of the mind and a person? There are so umpteen definitions for identity but the definition according to www.onelook.com is the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity. This defines identity the way I define it because, I think, personality serves as an important identifying factor for people. What restrains a person a person and not like everyone else? Personality. So what is the mind? We all have personalities that make us different but make us who we are. No one person is the same as another, not even twins are just now alike. Identical twins can be alike in every way but they have distinctive personalities that separate them as individual people. So would we view Harry as a person and afford him the right to live as one? I think not. You must be a human being to have an identity. Even if he were cloned from a persons DNA, he would still be a man-made creation made up of cable car parts with mechanical views, programmed by a human. A human is defined as homo sapiens (Homo, genus name + sapiens, specific epithet, from Latin, wise, intelligent), per www.meriam-webster.com. We have intelligence and timbre as humans, homo sapien wise and possess intelligence that is learned not programmed. Not in the same way as an animal learns because we learn by reading, research, school, etc.Hume believed that the mind made the person and the body served as a housing unit so to speak. But does it not take a confederacy of things to characterize a person? If we held the same view, as Hume would Harry qualify as a person? I say no because Harry has celluloid intelligence. Intelligence created and installed through computer chips by people does not qualify as a characteristic to afford you the right to be treated as and have the same rights as a person. We are not programmed with computer chips or machines but flesh and blood. We possess a brain that we use in learning a nd that scientists use to create the computer chips that bring things like Harry to life.

plato vs. socrates :: essays research papers

Plato vs. Aristotle     Plato and Aristotle, two very well known philosophers, by interpretation argon knowledge lovers, who held different ways of thinking on that of creation, politics, and love, consequently the teacher of Aristotle, who was Plato, holds different views on all of those matters.      Creation, the beginning process of life any given from God, or an actual higher form which was Platos idea, or passed through from evolution, from which Aristotle sided with is one example of their differences. Platos idea that the creator, was a God, the all sizeable who created the Earth, the universe, ECT, Aristotle would not believe in such a thing, because in his way of thinking, he does not encourage something that isnt visual to him. Substance, matter, substratum, plain black and clean-living evidence of something in the only convincing barrier for Aristotles mind to handle, whereas Plato trusted quite the opposite.    &nb sp Politics for these two resembles night and day. Aristotle preached balance. In balance, a shelter government can be observed and obtained. Platos concept of what politics and government should be is a direct result of his belief in the possible action of forms. The theory of forms basically states that there is a higher "form" for everything that exists in the world. Each material thing is a representation of the real thing which is the form. According to Plato, almost people cannot see the forms they only see their representation or their shadows.     Love for Plato had to be accomplished through mind and soul. For him, and his idea the mind and soul could not be separated, either through mortality or immortality. Someone could not love without body or a soul. To Aristotle we are of substance. One cannot see a soul, nor detect a mind, or where it lies, therefore to Aristotle, it does not exist. One cannot see love, it does not have fire, flesh or a head.all aspects of matter that are defined of what everything living is.      In conclusion, my idea of what the ideal politics is, which I know cannot be obtained is where the people are respected. No irresponsibility of what the people take carried through, to get dropped, or forgotten or even just not even considered. We live in a society where we have lost tactual sensation with what matters, what the democracy is set for, what it stands for as Americans. My view on love is that it exists.

A braid of loneliness Essay -- Character Analysis, Rayona, Ida

The most terrible poverty is l whizzliness, and the feeling of being unloved. Mother Teresa A Yellow vision in Blue piddle by Michael Dorris is a novel about Native American, narrated by terce generations of Indian women Ida the grandmother, Christine the mother, and Rayona. The stories of three people, twisting and tying and blending, effect the entwine of their relationship. Each of three strands is a complicated composition of hairlines. There is a hairline that all strands have in common and shape this braid loneliness. by dint of the story, loneliness played a crucial part in every characters choke. It is the important cause of characters action. It shapes the relationship between mother and daughter. Ultimately, ones loneliness shapes non only that character, but also affects and causes the loneliness in the next generation. The first character who tells her story is Rayona. Being the last generation, she is in the bottom of the well of loneliness. afterward her paren ts separated, Rayona lives with Christine, her mother, who habitually changes her job and moves to the new place. Consequently, she never stays in any schools long enough to make some friends. Her life with Christine is also bitter. In Rayonas opinion, Christine does not take dole out of her much. She said I try to recall what Mom says when shes sentimental and lonesome how he was the best one, the only one, because he left her me. How Im her sterling silver lining, the one wholl never leave her like he did. Like she did me. (64) She is cross by Christines care that exists only in her speech. Lacking of both friends and warm family, Rayona suffered from loneliness. When she goes tush to the reservation with Christine to stay with Aunt Ida, Chris... ... ease her with the warmth of my body, to support her with the strength of my arms. But she did not expect this from me, and I did not give it. The loneliness of mother is the unwanted gift. From generation to generation, the hairli nes of loneliness twist and association the braid of this family. It obstructs the hairline of love. It obstructs the hairline of care. It leads the braid of this family to nowhere. Loneliness is a cell that imprisons mothers love from reaching the daughter, leaves them feeling unloved, and became lonely. This baneful hairline will continuously distort the braid until they greet. Until they realize that the solution is turning back to face the reality, holding hands and let the truth comes out, then, the three-generation-long loneliness will disappear. The braid will be set in the right shape and tie the family members together with love. A braid of loneliness Essay -- Character Analysis, Rayona, IdaThe most terrible poverty is loneliness, and the feeling of being unloved. Mother Teresa A Yellow Raft in Blue Water by Michael Dorris is a novel about Native American, narrated by three generations of Indian women Ida the grandmother, Christine the mother, and Rayona. T he stories of three people, twisting and tying and blending, fabricate the braid of their relationship. Each of three strands is a complicated composition of hairlines. There is a hairline that all strands have in common and shape this braid loneliness. Through the story, loneliness played a crucial part in every characters life. It is the important cause of characters action. It shapes the relationship between mother and daughter. Ultimately, ones loneliness shapes not only that character, but also affects and causes the loneliness in the next generation. The first character who tells her story is Rayona. Being the last generation, she is in the bottom of the well of loneliness. After her parents separated, Rayona lives with Christine, her mother, who habitually changes her job and moves to the new place. Consequently, she never stays in any schools long enough to make some friends. Her life with Christine is also bitter. In Rayonas opinion, Christine does not take care of her much . She said I try to recall what Mom says when shes sentimental and lonesome how he was the best one, the only one, because he left her me. How Im her sterling silver lining, the one wholl never leave her like he did. Like she did me. (64) She is disappointed by Christines care that exists only in her speech. Lacking of both friends and warm family, Rayona suffered from loneliness. When she goes back to the reservation with Christine to stay with Aunt Ida, Chris... ... ease her with the warmth of my body, to support her with the strength of my arms. But she did not expect this from me, and I did not give it. The loneliness of mother is the unwanted gift. From generation to generation, the hairlines of loneliness twist and tie the braid of this family. It obstructs the hairline of love. It obstructs the hairline of care. It leads the braid of this family to nowhere. Loneliness is a cell that imprisons mothers love from reaching the daughter, leaves them feeling unloved, and became lo nely. This baneful hairline will continuously distort the braid until they realize. Until they realize that the solution is turning back to face the reality, holding hands and let the truth comes out, then, the three-generation-long loneliness will disappear. The braid will be set in the right shape and tie the family members together with love.

Brave New World: Can Man Create Utopia? :: Brave New World

Brave modern World Can Man Create Utopia? Brave New World, a novel by Aldous Huxley, was published during the time, socialism and dictatorship were the key concepts of the day. These govern workforcets believed that having total power would engender a perfect society. Karl Marx (Bernard Marx), and Nikolai Lenin (Linina), are two men who decide to pursue this concept. Through examples of these characters, it is demonstrated that a government that completely controls a nation exit fail. Many of the ideas that the governments thought would contribute to success were the hit of their failure. Although technological advances, sexual promiscuity, and conformity contribute to the success of a Utopian society, these aspects are also the reason for downfall. Throughout the novel, Huxley uses Bernard Marx, a young man who is alter by the government (Huxley, page ) to underline the idea that a Utopian Society cannot exist. The advancement of technology has enabled this Utopian Society to create kind life. Although the undefiled society is based on technology, it remains supervised by humans. No matter how advanced this technology may be, if humans are directing it, mistakes will be made They say somebody made a mistake when he was still in the bottle... and put alcohol into his blood- surrogate. Thats why hes so stunted (Huxley, 46). The outcome of what happened to Bernard forced him to see that mistakes were one reason a Utopian Society could not exist. The Character Bernard Marx is an example of human imperfection, not because he was referred to as deformed, but because the person who created him messed up. Individuals were decanted according to specification. Any deviation was evidently the result of some mistake, a mistake made by a human. These technological developments werent advanced enough to create such a perfect society. Bernard was an example of this undesired reality. He was deemed an outcast due to his imperfection. world an outcast, however, allow ed him to see the world differently. He was able to realize how everything was being manipulated and he was able to discern that it was wrong. Bernard noticed the manipulation of Lenina. Lenina wanted to have sex with estimable one person, but she wasnt allowed. Everyone belongs to everyone else (page ) was one of the world states mottoes. Sexual promiscuity eliminates emotional tension. By eliminating tension and anxiety the World offer was able to better control its citizens.

Differences In Animal Phyla Essay -- essays research papers

Because they be grouped in the same kingdom, the nine animal phyla share the same fundamental characteristics- they are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that obtain nutrients through ingestion, they lack cell walls, they have nervous tissue and muscle tissue, and they reproduce sexually and have a unique embryonal life cycle. However, the animal phyla have a great number of differences as well. Some are visible to the naked eye, while others are less obvious, and slake more cannot even be seen after embryonic development. What are these differences, and how did they shape the development of the phylogenetic tree?In animals, the embryo becomes layered through the mould of gastrulation, or the formation of the cardinal layered, cup-shaped embryonic stage from a blastula. These layers are called germ layers. Most animals are triploblastic, meaning they have three germs layers. These are the exoderm, the endoderm, and the mesoderm. The ectoderm is the outermost layers which forms the bodys covering and the central nervous system. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer. It forms the digestive tube and gives rise to most organs. The third layer, the mesoderm, exists amidst the endoderm and ectoderm. It forms the muscles and most other organs towards the upper layer of the animal. Diploblastic animals, or animals with only two germ layers, lack mesoderm. There are only two diploblastic phyla Porifera, the sponges, and Cnidaria, the bag animals. All other animals are ...

Radical Issues in the Colonies :: essays research papers

During the colonial period of America, many colonists struggled with the laws imposed upon them by England. The struggle grew over the years until many Americans had developed a radical attitude toward their mother country. This attitude not only led the colonists into the American Revolution which dispatchd them from the rule of England, but also influenced the ways in which the various colonies chose to mold themselves. The experience of colonial rule caused the new Americans to denounce certain aspects of government which had been a part of their colonial society and, in fact, seemed somewhat radical at the time. However, the most revolutionary act they seem to have accomplished was the war for independence itself.The Virginia Declaration of Rights, which served as a basis for many Bills of Rights in convey constitutions, laid out basic rights of men as the foundation of their new government. The idea that all men are by nature equally exhaust and independent is then qualifi ed in the document itself by the phrase when they enter into a state of society. The phrase regarding society is intended to exclude slaves from the free and independent status given to all other men. John Ross expanded on this theme at a impudently York state convention where he stated that blacks are seldom, if ever, required to share in the common burthens or defence of the state and are incapableof exercising that privilege with any break of discretion, prudence, or independence. Colonel Samuel Young, speaking at the same convention where Ross stated his views, felt that blacks would sell their votes to the highest bidder. The views seem oddly the same, though blacks were no longer slaves in New York at that time. The Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Act of 1980 started the abolition slavery by laying out the conditions under which slaves and concourse born into slavery would eventually be free. Basically, it limited the time a person could be held as a slave and granted other rights to Negroes and Mulattoes. In particular, the Act stated that the crimes of Negroes and Mulattoes would be judged and punished the same as crimes of the other inhabitants of this state, but did denote that a slave could not testify against a freeman. This limitation perpetuated the idea that slaves and black people were not on equal footing with white men. In todays world, the remnants of a time when blacks were viewed as inferior to whites can still be seen, yet it is difficult to imagine that the statements made in documents which were designed to declare the rights of people in America are so boldly prejudiced.

Bacteria and Acidic End Products

Title of the Experiment Entero bacteriumceae Identification The Enterotube II System education Objectives After completing this exercise we were able to inoculate an unknown bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae by using technology effectively with a Enterotube II. An Enterotube II is a miniaturized multi-test system for rapid realization of enterbacteriaceae. We then evaluated the test results and generated a five-digit code for the unknown bacterium.Thinking creatively and critically we had to fgure out the code by looking at the Enterotube and comparing he reactants to the original to see what the result was. We then had to use the five- digit code to correctly identify the unknown bacterium from the interpretation guide. outgrowth Step 1 Remove organisms from a well-isolated colony. Avoid touching the agar with the fit out. Step 2 Inoculate each compartment by first twisting the wire and then withdrawing it all the way out through the 12 compartments using a turni ng movement.Step 3 Reinsert the wire (without sterilizing), using a turning drive through all the 12 compartments until the notch on the wire is aligned with the opening of the tube. Step 4 Break the wire at the notch by bending. The portion of the wire remaining in the tube maintains anaerobic conditions essential for true fermentation. Step 5 Punch holes with broken-off part wire through the refined plastic covering over depressions on sides of the last eight compartments. Replace caps and incubate at 35 degrees C for 18-24 hours.Step 6 After encircling the metrical composition of the positive(p) tests on the laboratory report, total up the numbers of each bracketed series to determine the five-digit code number. Refer to the Enterotube II Interpretation Guide for identification of the unknown by using the code number Results Before inoculation of the Enterotube II showing the original colors of each test which was also utilize to compare with the inoculated enterotube. After the inoculation of the Enterotube, many of the colors have changed which means they have reacted with the antibiotic.The reactants then helped me find out what the unkown bacterium is. Each color changed or reacted gives a certain digit Summary & Conclusions Enterotube II identifies Enterobacteriaceae. The Enterotube II is a multiple test system de cuted to identify enteric bacteria ground on Glucose, Adonitol, Lactose, Arabinose, Sorbitol, Dulcitol fermentation, lysine and Decarboxylation, Sulfur reduction, Indole, Acetoin production of glucose fermentation, Phenylalanine deamination, Urea hydrolysis, and Citrate utilization.Adonitol Bacterial fermentation of adonitol, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color of the indicator present in the middling from red ( alkalescent) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be inter preted as a positive reception, orange should be considered negative. Lactose Bacterial fermentation of l actose, which results in the formation of acidic end roducts, is indicated by a change in color of the forefinger present in the medium from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic).Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction orange should be considered negative. Arabinose Bacterial fermentation of arabinose, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction orange should be considered negative. Sorbitol Bacterial fermentation of sorbitol, which results in the formation of acidic nd products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic).Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction orange should be considered negative. Voges-Proskauer Acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) is an inter mediate in the production of butylene glycol from glucose fer mentation. The presence of acetoin is indicate d by the develop ment of a red color in spite of appearance 20 minutes. Most positive reactions are evident within 10 minutes. Phenylalanine Deaminase This test detects the formation of pyruvic acid from the deamination of phenylalanine. The pyruvic acid formed reacts with a ferric salt in the medium to roduce a characteristic black to smoky gray color.Urea The production of urease by some bacteria hydrolyzes urea in this medium to produce ammonia, which causes a shift in pH from yellow (acidic) to reddish-purple (alkaline). This test is strongly positive for Proteus in 6 hours and weakly positive for Klebsiella and some Enterobaeter species in 24 hours. Citrate Organisms that are able to utilize the citrate in this medium as their sole source of carbon produce alkaline metabo lites that change the color of the indicator from green (acidic) to deep blue (alkaline). Any degree of blue should be considered positive.After looking at the results of the Enterotube I came to conclusion that my unkown bacteria gave me the five-digit code 34363 which translated to Klebsiella pneumonia bacterium that can form a capsule. It is found in the normal flora of GI tracts in humans. K. pneumoniae can become pathogenic in patients whose immune systems are compromised. K. pneumoniae can cause nosocomial urinary tract infections and pneumonia. In immunocompromised patients, death is possible. For a personto get the K. pneumoniae bacteria, they have to have take away contact with another person. K. pneumoniae is not able to be contacted through the air.Healthcare workers can help to decrease the spread of K. pneumoniae by washing their hands before and afterwards taking care of a patient. It was established that the Enterotube system provides a simple, reliable, and rapid method for the probable identification of Enterobacteriaceae. The major advantage of the Enterotube is that all tests are do simultaneously by inoculation from a single isolated colony. It is also easier to inoculate, single inoculation, self- contained, numerous tests, little media preparation, rapid results, reliability, uniformity, simple interpretation.

Developing the Marketing Plan Case: Gillette Indonesia Essay

I. BACKGROUNDIn October 1995, Chester Allan, Gillettes country manager in Indonesia, was developing his units 1996 trade plan. Once completed, it would be forwarded to Rigoberto Effio, business director in Gilletes Asia-Pacific group based in Singapore. Each year Effio received and approved marketing plans for the 12 countries in his region, which reached from Australia to China. Once approved by Ian Jackson, Asia-Pacific group vice president, the overall marketing plan-for the region would be reviewed subsequently, along with other regional plans, by Robert King, executive vice president of Gillettes International Group.Allans plan projected a 19% increase in make sales in Indonesia in 1996 from 115 million to 136 million. This seemed reasonable given a 17% increase in 1995 over the previous year. With a population of almost two hundred million, Indonesia represented an important country in the portfolio of markets for which Effio and Jackson were responsible. Effio wondered whet her investment spending in marketing beyond the 1995 level of 12% of sales might advance accelerate market development. Given the growth rates of Gillettes business in other Asia-Pacific countries, Effio believed that a 25% to 30% increase in blade sales could be achieved in Indonesia in 1996.II.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMHow rapidly the Indonesian market for blades and razors could or would expand. Should the Indonesian market be allowed to just front along at its own pace? If so, what would that pace be?III. OBJECTIVEGillettes mission was to achieve worldwide leadership in its core mathematical product categories by developing marketing plan.SWOT ANALYSISSTRENGTH WEAKNESSES* The company emphasized geographic expansion along with research and development, advertising, and capital spending as drivers of growth. * Upgrade the market to higher value products and shaving systems. * The poorer rural shavers cannot afford Gillette products and buy low-price, low-quality brands such as Ti ger and Tatra. * Problems with customs clearances could impact the entire manufacturing cycle. * paring was still underdeveloped in Indonesia, but the incidence of shaving was increasing.OPPORTUNITIES THREATS* New-product activity and entry into and development of new markets were considered essential. * Research showed that higher-income, urban consumers were increasingly shopping in supermarkets. Most sales of Gillettes higher priced shaving products were through these outlets. * The production team carefully planned the timing of materials inputs. Because of distribution and transportation inefficiencies, the need for caramel inventories was substantial. * with rising incomes and improved Gillette distribution and display, consumers are moving to Gillette.IV. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION1. There was increasing awareness of Western grooming practices, especially in urban areas, as a result of exposure to foreign media and the increasing presence of multinational companies and th eir overseas personnel. 2. The liberalization of foreign investment policy had increased common soldier sector involvement in the economy the central government focused on developing infrastructure in the poorer regions and on human resources.V. RECOMMENDATIONS3. Improving culture system ensured that foreign companies would be attracted to the major urban areas, fueling further growth. 4. Gillette headquarters developed television advertisements for use worldwide, with the intent that local voiceovers and local box shots would be superimposed.

Forensic Anthropology Essay

Review Questions1. What are epiphyseal fusions? What can they tell a rhetorical anthropologist? Epiphyseal fusion is the fusion, and/or the closing of the ends of growth plates, or at places like the clavicle, iliac crest, and the long bones in our arms and legs.2. What is ethnobotany? Why is this area patronful for forensic anthropologists? Ethnobotany is the study of plant remains and pollens. Id imagine that this would help determine time, and/or cause of death.3. What is facial reconstruction? Why is it used? Facial reconstruction involves using the cranium or skull, as well as any other aspects of the person that may be known, to create a representation of what the person may have looked like to help determine who the person was, and in whatever cases help determine the cause of death.4. How do male and female bones tend to differ? Male and female bones tend to differ mainly in size and shape, some of the more outstanding differences are the different shapes of parts of the skull, pelvis, and jaw.5. How does a forensic scientist visualise the height of a victim? A victims height is generall(a)y estimated using an equation designed to predict height. Once they have all of the long bones in the arms and legs, they are often able to create a more accurate estimation of the victims height. scathing Thinking Questions1. Why is forensic anthropology an important part of forensic science? What does this area add to the investigation of crime? Forensic anthropology is an important part of forensic science because without any knowledge of bones in forensic science, you wouldnt really be able to learn very much information to the highest degree any victims that had decomposed down to bone, or lost their flesh in any sort of way.2. Imagine that you have been called to an area where bones have been found. What would you do at this spot to help you better understand what happened? I would first make undisputable to check the entire area above, and below the surf ace of the ground. Make sure every last piece and fragment of bone or evidence was accounted for, had sketches and/or pictures of where they were before they had been disturbed, and then noted. Then I would examine the evidence on with the bones to see if I could possibly tell if the victim had any type of disease or sickness, or any other cause of death. maybe even determine who the person was.3. What are some of the differences between traditional facial reconstruction and computer facial reconstruction? What are the advant jump ons and disadvantages of each? roughly of the differences between digital, and non-digital facial reconstruction are well, youll need a forensic anthropologist for both, an artist for one, and a computer with the correct programs installed, and the correct machines and comparison data for the other.4. What is a scatter pattern? What can it tell a forensic anthropologist? A scatter pattern in forensics refers to the way bones have been scattered from the ir reliable set place where they were when they were still attached to the victims skeleton.5. How can the age of a body be estimated using bones? What are some of the different areas of the body that may give an indication of age? A forensic anthropologist can get an estimate of a victims age by examining placement of teeth, Epiphyseal fusions, length of the longer bones in the legs and arms, and the degree of closure of sutures.

It’s up in the Air, or Is It Essay

The article elaborates on how soulfulness sociological imagination can subsume social structure to life history. In this case, sociological imagination refers to understanding of individual behavior as the product of historical processes that affects a persons social environment. The rules of social structure are considered to restrict the conduct of individuals and excessively mould outcomes for them. However, students are not able to see the connection between individual action and structural outcomes.In sociological imagination, social structural explanation can be used to answer the several questions of social stratification. It is evident that different forces than individual characteristics shape the outcome and distributions of societal rewards (Renzulli, Aldrich, Reynolds, 51). Organizations help to reduce discrimination in the society by allowing prospective entrepreneurs from different social origins to access to wealth-generating assets.In order to show how social st ructure of society shapes the results for individuals, the students can be engaged in a multiple rounds of coin tossing game. The game will also include some rules and regulations to be followed. The results of the game will be highly predictive on how the social structures mould the outcomes of individuals. From the distribution of the coins, the students will realize that inequality and personal prosperity are not the result of personal characteristics (Renzulli, Aldrich, & Reynolds, 56).The alteration of the rules of the game will help the students to see how real world processes generate inequality in the community. It is clearly acknowledged that, structures and rules affect a persons ability to access an opportunity regardless of his or her talent. However, some improvements have to be done on the game in order to give the best results to the students. Therefore, coin tossing game can be used to effectively demonstrate how sociological imagination increase student understandin g of the social world.

The Chinese Abacus – Short Essay

The Chinese Abacus The Chinese Abacus is a simple device for performing mathematical calculations. The Chinese Abacus as well as known as a Suanpan in Chinese. The Abacus was first mentioned by the mathematician Xu Yueh at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 A. D). The Abacus is a tool for calculating numbers, and was widely used in ancient times up to the invention of the modern mechanical and electronic calculators. The Abacus is similar to the modern calculator. It has a rectangular wooden frame with beads in the columns.There is a cross rod to divide beads into two parts, above the rod each bead represents quantities of five and as it moves right it goes up wish well 50, 500, 5000 and so on, while under the rod each bead represents quantities of one and goes up to 10, 100, 1000, and so on. The basic operations for which the abacus is helpful include arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The computational methods using an Abacus ar e called abacus calculations. This device was created using wood and beads. You only count the beads that are in the center on the divider.The Abacus is still in use today by shopkeepers in Asia and Chinatowns in North America. The use of the abacus is still taught in Asian schools, and some few schools in America. Blind children are taught to use the Abacus. One particular use for the Abacus is teaching children simple mathematics and especially multiplication. The Abacus is also an excellent tool for teaching another(prenominal) base numbering systems since it easily adapts itself to any base. I made my Abacus by simply getting four wood planks and nailing them together to make a wooden frame.Then I got another wood plank and nailed in the middle to make the cross rod. I drilled 13 holes on the cross rod, the top, and bottom of the frame. I got a commence stuck it through the top of the frame, placed two beads in and stuck it through the cross rod, added five more beads then stu ck the stick through the bottom part of the frame thus making the first column. I continued this process 12 more times until I spotless all of the 13 columns. After I was done I painted my frame purple and I was finished. A perfectly crafted Chinese Abacus made indoors one and a half hours. .

Description of the educational system in Egypt

The intent of this chapter is to give the reader a oecumenic position of the context in which the survey is conducted. The chapter will travel, from tellurian to specific, by giving a general description of the educational corpse in Egypt runing from its doctrine, structuring and finance to curriculum planning, design and development. Emphasis will be inclined to side lingual converse culture its purposes, and manner of development. A farther point more or less proud learnedness current state of topics and bailiwick renew is highlighted. Finally, EFL teacher growing chopineme, the function of CDELT in accomplishing national ends atomic number 18 brought into focal point for its importance to the whole intent of the probe.2.1 Country profileThe Arab Re tenders of Egypt lies in the north eastern portion of Africa and Sinai Peninsula in the western portion of Asia. It is about sensation million squ atomic number 18 kilometers in size. The population of Egypt was est imated in 2008 as 75,175,062 harmonizing to the rally Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics in Egypt. ( Said & A Mourad, 2008 ) .2.2 The nature and doctrine of dictation in EgyptEgypt s instruction system is the largest in the Mena dissolve and among the largest systems in the universe. As of 1999-2000, the system reported an registration of about 16 million, of which 7 million are in primary instruction, 4 million in preparative instruction, 3 million in secondary instruction, and over 1.8 million in third instruction. The system besides employs the largest figure of civil retainers in Egypt about 3.8 million employees ( The creation Bank, 2007 ) .Some negative features of the Egyptian educational system include what Hargreaves ( 1997 ) termed a additive consolidative merger instructors with low scores both in the cognition of the capable affair and in teaching method a mismatch between course of studies and curricula drawn at the cardinal national degree and the existent instruction larning state of affairs ritualisation, and mechanistic acquisition and larn methods. Other negative characteristics include examination-driven direction, politicisation, bureaucratism that hinders the accomplishment of indispensable marks shtup schooling, limited resources, centralization, and mal-distribution of educational services amongst the province parts ( Jarrar & A Massialas, 1992 ) .Many of the defects of the educational system, and so its failure to convey about impelling long-run reform, score been due to its being extremely centralised, in malice of efforts at decentralization. The system is really hierarchal, with the Ministry of Higher information ( MOE ) at the top of the pyramid. The system is based on senior status instead than virtue. Due to its extremely centralised and bureaucratic nature, the educational system defines and predetermines what is to be taught, how it is to be taught, the functions of instructors and scholars, every bit good as the intended results of the educational procedure. Given this character, the Egyptian educational system is about imperviable to influences and enterprises from instructors, parents and scholars ( Gahin, 2001 ) .Egyptian instruction has been portrayed. harmonizing to ( Hargreaves, 1997 ) as undemocratic , teacher-centred , autocratic and extremely agonistical . Students grea examination concern is to hive away and keep information so that when it is needed, they pour it out in the test which is held to prove their grounds of larning. Their exam tonss are the exclusive standards for learners success.2.3 Higher Education System in EgyptEgypt has a really extended higher(prenominal) instruction system. About 30 % of all Egyptians in the applicable age group go to university. However, plainly half of them alumnus. The Ministry of Higher Education supervises the third degree of instruction. There are a figure of universities providing to pupils in various(a) Fiel dss. In the current instruction system, there are 17 open universities, 51 public non-university establishments, 16 private universities and 89 private higher establishments. The higher instruction cohort is expected to increase by close to 6 per centum ( 60,000 ) pupils per annum through 2009. ( Higher Education in Egypt Reappraisals of National Policies for Education, 2010 )In 1990, a command law was passed to supply greater liberty to the universities. But still the instruction substructure, equipment and human resources are non in topographic point to provide to the lifting higher instruction pupils. But at that place has non been a comparable addition in passing on bettering the higher instruction system in footings of debut of cutting plans and engineerings. Both at national degree ( inspection systems, scrutinies ) and at local degree ( school degree pupil appraisals ) steps of the success of instruction schemes and the public presentation of the system are weak. ( Ginsbu rb & A Megahed, 2009 )Although higher instruction was founded much earlier in Egypt before it appeared in Europe ( Metcalfe, 2008 ) , The Government of Egypt rejazzs that there are still existent challenges to be faced in the sector, fore nigh amongst which are the demand to signifi terminatetly better sector administration and efficiency, increase institutional liberty, significantly better the quality and relevancy of higher instruction plans, and maintain coverage at bing degrees. Recent Government actions to construct political consensus on issues critical to reform postponement created a clime that is mature for alteration.The Ministry of Higher Education ( MOHE ) acts as a title-holder for reform. The Minister, appointed in 1997, rapidly naturalised a complaint for the reform of higher instruction k presentlyn as the Higher Education Enhancement course of instruction ( HEEP ) Committee which drew in a broad electron orbit of stakeholders including industrialists and Par liamentarians. A National Conference on higher instruction reform was held in February 2000, and a Declaration for action emanating from the Conference was endorsed by the President and the extremum Minister. The Declaration identified 25 specific reform enterprises.Due to the dynamic nature of the reform scheme, which entails reconsidering precedences for each period, a Strategic Planning Unit ( SPU ) was established for the MOHE to guarantee the sustainability of planning and undertaking monitoring during the three stages and for future 1s. A Students Activity Project ( SAP ) was besides initiated as portion of plan accreditation akin to scientific research and station alumnus surveies.2.3.1 Egyptian universitiesUniversities in Egypt are by and large either state-funded or in private funded. Education in Egypt is free by jurisprudence, nevertheless there are really little fees paid for registration. Public establishments, with few exclusions are by and large overcrowded with a pupil organic fertilizer structure of several 1000s. Private universities are either Egyptian or foreign, and normally have a much smaller pupil organic structure and with a much higher tuition rates.2.3.1.1 Public UniversitiesPublic universities are under authorities disposal. Public Higher instruction is free in Egypt, and Egyptian pupils merely pay enrollment fees. International pupils pay full tuition with fees that reach up to ? 1,500 a twelvemonth.In 2004, the Egyptian authorities announced its program to make new public universities from dividing multi-branch universities ( Cairo University, Menoufia HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanta_University University ) . This should let the enlargement of these much neglected smaller rural subdivisions and supply infinite for the increase figure of pupils. There is besides al Azhar University, considered the best university for the survey of faith and scientific discipline.2.3.1.2 Private Universities Before 1993, merely 2 private foreign establishments were established decennaries ago. The American University in Cairo, founded in 1919 and the Arab Academy for Science and Technology ( AAST ) . Under a new jurisprudence in 1993, Egyptian private universities were established get toss off from 1996. These new universities are accredited from the Egyptian Supreme Council of Universities every 3 old ages, in add-on to accreditation from foreign educational organic structures in Europe. ( Herrera, 2007 )2.3.2 AdmissionAdmission to public universities and establishments operates through a centralised office, Admission Office of Egyptian Universities. This office receives coatings after the consequences from the General Secondary Education Certificate are announced in any of its offices or online. The application day of the months are announced every twelvemonth but normally take topographic point every August.The application is both discipline-based and university-based. Students are asked to make full the admittances application that naming their picks of their coveted subject and university in a descending order of precedence. Students with higher tonss have a better opportunity of procuring a topographic point for themselves in their school of pick. While lower-scoring pupil may acquire stuck in a school or train different from that they desired, which might take them to seek admittance in private universities where competition for topographic points is less ferocious.Admission to private universities is different and is similar to universe broad registration processs.2.3.3 Course of studyIn universities, general or private, course of study are left to lectors and professors to make up ones mind the doctrine, guidelines, and even stuffs that they appreciate pupils should larn.By and large talking, the course of study is centralised plenty to incarnate political and classless rules presented in free instruction and guaranting that all students have admiss ion fee to the same course of instruction of survey. It aims to raise criterions, guarantee that all pupils attain the aims at each degree, and to make the conditions for increased school and instructor answerability.2.4 English linguistic communication instruction in EgyptEnglish has long been given a particular position in Egypt, whether a necessary immorality during the British business or a practical vehicle for educational, economic anda societal mobility ( Schaub, 2000, p. 235 ) . the chief aims set for ELT are to develop the ability to utilize English for communicating to further favorable attitudes towards larning in general and towards appropriate foreign civilizations in peculiar to develop an mind of the nature of linguistic communication and linguistic communication acquisition and hence, achieve cross-cultural consciousness to assist pupils womb-to-tomb acquisition every bit good as develop self-independence and to advance collaborative as a measure towards i mparting up citizens who appreciate teamwork ( Schaub, 2000 ) .These are what is stated as the theoretical purposes of instruction. However, As far as the EFL schoolroom is concerned, it is non different from any other school topic, since it is a portion of the whole system. The state of affairs might conceivably be worse, due to the particular nature of the English linguistic communication learning in Egypt. The dominant form in the bulk of schoolrooms is that of an active instructors and inactive scholars. The instructor is the exclusive authorization to make up ones mind what and haw in the instruction and acquisition procedure, based on the cognition spelled out by the stakeholders.In footings of quality, the instruction and acquisition of EFL is characterised by instructors low proficiency in the mark linguistic communication. Teachers chief involvement and purpose is to acquire their pupils to go through their tests. Students Markss in such tests are the grounds of inst ructors success along with their governments in accomplishing the purposes of the MOE. That is wherefore it is non impress to happen a parallel system of instruction called private tuition taking at enabling pupils to go through the test and acquire high Markss. This private and Markss oriented tuition has long been fought by the authorities, which tries difficult to take serious and terrible steps against it. However, these attempts have been in vain up to now. Besides, a big per centum of primary and preparative school instructors are non-specialists ( 41 % ) ( Ibrahim, 2008 ) . In add-on, evaluation techniques do non get by with the development in acquisition and learning methodological analysis techniques, and are rather far from the existent appraisal of pupils public presentation.2.5 Teacher preparation Reform ProgrammeEgypt has no deficit of instructors, so if anything Egypt has a excess of instructors, with some of 800,000 instructors presently believed to be in the s tate. ( Abdel-WAHAB, January 2008 )( Crookes, 2003 ) concludes that autochthonal Egyptian instructors, though non needfully utilizing activities or schoolroom interaction forms thought most desirable by Second Language Acquistion theoreticians, likely acquire better than foreign teachers but that the big category contexts that were new to the Egyptian instruction system ( through non unusual around the universe ) were a challenge met by the visitants. However the techniques used by visitants to pull off theses challenges, Holliday suggests, would be improbable to hold positive long-run effects because they did non construct on autochthonal forms and penchants.( Holliday, 1996 ) concludes that merely a new, rationalized-yet traditional- attack, could be to the full effectual in thea.culture of Egyptian university big classesa.. Exceptions apart, merely local lectors would be able to the full to accomplish this, because it would necessitate a rationalized edifice and re-allocation of thoughts and resources on an bing traditional footing ( p.100 )Well aware of the challenges, the authorities is now looking for new ways of making things and has emarked on a big graduated table reform programme of public instruction to give superstar instituttions greater liberty and engagement to the private sector to assist increase capacity and better criterions.( The Report Egypt 2009, 2009 ) The major accomplishments of the Higher Education Enhancement Programme ( HEEP ) have been compound into the national Education strategic program for the period 2008-2012, which aims to deconcentrate the national the national school construction, present school-based reform and better human resources through professional development programmes. The increased accent on instructor preparation within the model of the National Education Strategic Plan is considered one of the most of import facets of the reform programme.2.6 EFL prospective instructors preparation programme at Menoufia U niversitySince the focal point in this survey is centred on prospective EFL instructors perceptual experiences of microteaching, it will be utile to supply an overview of Menoufia university, Faculty of instruction and their provision programme in the school of instruction.2.6.1 Menoufia University Historical lynchpingroundAn Egyptian Public University founded in 1976, is located in the main in Shibin EL Kom, a metropolis in Delta and the capital of the Monufia Governorate. There is besides a subdivision in 1 Sadat City, founded in 2006. It contains modules of Education, Agriculture, Arts, Computers and Information, Commerce, Law, and Medicine. Both undergrad and post-graduate instruction is offered.2.6.2 Menoufia university mission, general intents and strategic aimsMenoufia university s mission is lending to construct the schoolman and moral construction of people, and developing both the local and national societies by supplying the specialised cognition and accomplishment s peculiarly those that are related to the rural and new industrial communities through high quality educational, research, and social services that can assist the university to accomplish a competitory advantage at the national, regional, and international degrees. The general intents of the University represent the cardinal indexs of success of the achievement of the University s mission. Seven general intents are identified for Menoufiya University. Each of the old general intents has a figure of strategic aims that reflect them. ( see appendix 1 )2.6.3 Faculty of Education, Menoufia UniversityThe module of Education was foremost established in 1971, affiliated to Ain Shams University. In 1975, it became attached to Tanta University. The module so became attached to Minoufiya University at its initiation in 1976. It contains sections of Educational Psychology. Curricula and precept Methods, and Education Fundamentals. Its Bachelors grades are offered in combination with one of th e sections in the module of Humanistic disciplines or the Faculty of Science.2.6.4 school of Education English section readying classsTheoretically, EFL instructors is prepared in the module of instruction through two complementary sets of classs. The first set of classs is chiefly linguistic communication proficiency classs ( capable affair cognition like English literature, interlingual rendition, grammar, phonetics, and linguistics ) , and the 2nd set is pedagogical classs ( the instruction proficiency ) , including classs like foundations of instruction comparative instruction educational mental science along with the learning practicum that aims to fix pupil instructors for the prospective occupation. The practicum is jointly carried out and supervised by the MOE inspectors and instructors along with the staff of modules of instruction.Bettering Pre service teacher developing programmesThe national board for professional instruction criterions ( NBPTS ) identified five fea tures of high-quality instructorTeachers are committed to pupils and their acquisition.Teachers know the topic they teach and how to learn those topics to pupils.Teachers are answerable for pull offing and administer pupil acquisition.Teachers think consistently about their pattern and learn from experience.Teachers are members of larning communities.Demand for teacher readying plans at establishments of higher instruction and through a go oning procedure of development and research, the centre for the development of English Language Teaching ( CDELT ) supported by the Integrated English Language Program ( IELP- II ) have integrated information about instructional rules to develop Egyptian criterions for instructors graduating from pre-service English instructor instruction plans ( STEP ) . through with(predicate) the professional instruction plan, campaigners are expected to run into the criterions at progressively complex degrees. Campaigners are assessed at each degree to show public presentation. The subjects of construction cognition, developing pattern, and furthering relationships provide the foundation for each of the criterions. These criterions, which are grouped into five chief spheres schoolroom direction, linguistic communication, direction, appraisal, and professionalism, organize the anchor of our instructor instruction plans.The step undertaking is a countrywide enterprise under the protections of the Center for the Development of English Language Teaching ( CDELT ) in coaction with the Program Planning and observe Unit ( PPMU ) . It is sponsored by the Integrated English Language Project II ( IELP-II ) . Its purpose is to put criterions for instructors of English at pre-service degree. The STEPS undertaking force consists of representatives from 12 Faculties of Education from nine universities and from the Ministry of Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt. The Task Force has drafted a set of criterions in five spheres depicting what fre shly qualified instructors from our Faculties of Education should cognize and be able to make.The Role of CDELT to better Clinical supervising during PracticumHarmonizing to ( Bowers & A Gaies, 1997 ) , Five rules underline the clinical supervivsion of CDELT classs. These areThere should be a remainder between. theory and pattern, between the educational and the preparation maps.The feasibleness of proposals for alteration in instructor public presentation should be judged against the existent restraints of the learning context.The personal feeling indispensable to effectual counciling and preparation is best developed within the security of a system or paradigm of counselor-teacher interaction.Observation should be systematic and focused, with rating based on grounds available to the instructor.Reding should steer the instructor toward specific, mensurable, and moderate alterations in behaviour.Examination of theses rules offers an indicant of the scheme of the CDELT attack to supervisor readying. The CDELT offers a full-time class of 24 hebdomads. It includes 20 hebdomad class work in four blocks of 5 hebdomads each, and one 4-week block of practical experience, in the center of five blocks. During the first two blocks, along with classs related to linguistic communication betterment, there are talks and seminars in debut to linguistics, theories of English linguistic communication instruction, and learning methods. Theses satisfy the demand to set up perceptual experiences of what linguistic communication is, what instruction is, and alternate attacks to the instruction of English.Over the diploma class as a whole, we aim to integrate into supervisor readying the five indispensable purposes of instructor instruction identified by, which among them guarantee theoretical grasp and practical application principle, experience, observation, test and integrating.2.7 DecisionThe purpose of this chapter has been to supply the layout of the Egyptian education al system so as to give the reader an overview about the context in which this survey is connected, clarifying why this survey is of import for Egyptian instruction in general and linguistic communication instruction in Egypt in peculiar. Furthermore, the chapter reveals the alterations and fortunes that have been underway for about two decennaries now. These alterations are represented by proposing and planing new attacks, rules and weaponries for the general instruction, and in peculiar, for EFL acquisition and instruction.The undermentioned chapter is chiefly devoted to reexamining the literature related to EFl instructor readying programme and the function of microteaching in bettering their instruction public presentation.Abdel-WAHAB, A. ( January 2008 ) . Modeling Students Purpose to Adopt E-learning A Case From Egypt. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 9, 157-167.Arbors, R. , & A Gaies, S. ( Eds. ) . ( 1997 ) . Clinical supervising of linguistic communicati on instruction the supervising as trainer and pedagogue Cambridge university imperativeness.Crookes, G. ( Ed. ) . ( 2003 ) . A practicum in TESOL Professional Development through Teaching Practice Cambridge University Press.Ginsburb, M. , & A Megahed, N. ( Eds. ) . ( 2009 ) . Comparative Positions on Teachers, Teaching and Professionalism Springer.Hargreaves, E. ( 1997 ) . The sheepskin disease in Egypt Learning, instruction and the monster of the secondary departure certification. . Appraisal in Education, 4, 161-167.Herrera, L. ( Ed. ) . ( 2007 ) . Higher Education in the Arab World Springer.Higher Education in Egypt Reappraisals of National Policies for Education. ( 2010 ) . ) .Holliday, A. ( Ed. ) . ( 1996 ) . Large-and small-class civilizations in Egyptian university schoolrooms a cultural justification for course of study alteration. Cambrigde University imperativeness.Ibrahim, H. ( 2008 ) . The strategic reading procedures of Egyptian EFL scholars. Exeter University.Metcalf e, A. ( Ed. ) . ( 2008 ) . Speculating search Policy A Model for Higher Education Springer.The Report Egypt 2009. ( 2009 ) . ) Oxford concern group.Said, M. , & A Mourad, M. ( Eds. ) . ( 2008 ) . Egypt. Baston Baston College Center for International Higher Education.Schaub, M. ( 2000 ) . English in the Arab Republic of Egypt. World Englishes, 19 ( 2 ) , 225-238.Appendix 1 Menoufia University mission, purposes and Strategic AimsPurposeStrategic aims1A alumnus who is compatible with the modern-day challengesBettering the quality of the educational procedure harmonizing to the both the local and international criterions.Associating theA educationA withA theA issuesA of bothA societyA andA localA environment. stiff jumper lead of pupils.Bettering the wellness and societal attention of the pupils.Increasing the competitory capablenesss of the alumnuss in the labour market.2An first-class staff member.Accurate choice of the instruction and back uping staff members.Sustainability of th e integrated development of the instruction and back uping staff members.Effective motive of the instruction and back uping staff members.Continuous public presentation assessment of the instruction and back uping staff members.Advanced systems for advancing the instruction and supportingA staff members.3Advanced academic research to be oriented by the intents of the national comprehensive development programs.Constructing an advanced academic base for the scientific research.Associating the scientific research with the issues of the comprehensive development programs at the national degree.4Promoting values and ideal rules.Developing and intensifying the belongingness to Egypt.Constructing the positive personality.Guaranting the values and committedness.Guaranting and esteeming the university s values and traditions.5Civilized society and developing environment.Directing and utilizing the scientific research to function the development demands of the environment.Freedom of sentimen t and protection of rational belongings.Bettering the quality of life.Developing consciousness of the cultural heritage.Developing the sense of beauty and encouraging creativeness.Developing the environmental consciousness.Promoting the behaviours that are compatible with the society development.6Distinguished position of the University in the development procedure of the instruction system.Distinguishing the university from others al both the local and international degrees.Bettering the society s trust and convection of the university s roleA and accomplishments.Triping the university s parts in the local and internationalA academic motion.More effectual function of the university in the current development systems of the higher instruction and scientific research.7Effective administrative system.Bettering the organisation of the university s councils and commissions.Bettering the university s organisational and occupation constructions.Computerizing both the administrative and f inancial systems.Bettering the forming facets of the university s fiscal and private concern units.Bettering the choice procedure of the non-academic leaders and the administrative staff.Continuous development of abilities and accomplishments of administrative staff.Effective motive of the administrative staff.Effective public presentation assessment and controlling of the administrative system.

Cloud research

Though they worked unneurotic for a year, Peterson struggled to bridge the distance between vane and herself. Over lunch, Peterson praised Wows efforts to broaden his professional skill passel by attending weekend gross revenue seminars and networking with colleagues to better understand the condescension. These efforts, she noned, surely contri besidesed to his success in retaining his large, but and, lymph gland. Peterson then reminded Www of her c formerlyrns. Fred, Id Like to remind you that your primary focus should be on sweet pipeline. It seems as If you re spending too much time managing your one client, and thats not your job. Peterson continued, As Vive mentioned before, Id comparable to be kept abreast of your development efforts, so I know when and if you need help from me, or somebody else In the comp any. I expect you to summarize your efforts every few days on our online gross sales tool, like everyone else on the aggroup. If you spent more time in the o ffice, Id have a better sense of your business. Plus, Im positive youd glean some helpful selling techniques from your colleagues. Finally, Peterson questioned the value of the expensive addition go Www had interchange to his client so early In the relationship.Www assured Peterson that all tax booked?including additional services? originated at his clients request. He emphasized that the networking heed done in the Chinese community was about to impart off he expected to sign three major newly clients In the coming quarter. Www then stated that, because he was about to become the close to successful sales executive In the Plano office, he needed his feature sales assistant to answer his phone and perform administrative tasks. Peterson hoped her reflexion didnt register her dismay at Wows request.Only the most superior salespeople at accounting system, some of whom Juggled more than 30 accounts, had their own sales assistants. The rest of Accountancys salespeople shared assistants. What was Www thinking? Solely as a basis for set discussion and not as an endorsement, a source of primary data, or an illustration of effective or ineffective management. Although based on real events and despite occasional references to actual companies, this case is fictitious and any resemblance to actual persons or entities is coincidental. Copyright 0 2013 President and Fellows of Harvard College.To order copies or request authority to produce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www. Hobs. Harvard. Deed. This publication may not be digitized, photocopied, or otherwise reproduced, posted, or transmitted, without the permission of Harvard Business School. This document is authorized for use only by Chugging You in Fall 2014 Engaging and Empowering People taught by Bobbie Ships Texas Christian University from September 2014 to October 2014. 913-560 Wendy Peterson Accountancy basis Accountancy was fou nded in 1988 by Will Gleason, a former accountant, and TravisHarriman, a software program engineer. Gleason, a senior executive at a large national accounting sure, felt that many of the back-office accounting functions his firm provided to clients could be automated. Gleason envisioned, and Harriman built, a back-office accounting software produce de subscribe for what they felt was an undeserved market small- and medium-sized businesses, particularly those with ambitious enhanceth targets. It was easy for businesses to adapt the Accountancy product as their needs changed or expanded, give thanks to the modular design of the software and a comprehensive suite of add-on options.Gleason cultivated relationships with local investors and gauge capitalists to gain exposure to possible clients. The founders believed that their competitive advantage would come not only from their superior software but also from their strong client relationships, a combination that companies reserv ation off-the-shelf accounting products or large accounting firms were unlikely to replicate. The founders also believed that a flat organizational structure and collegial finish would minimize office politics, strengthen employee morale, and heighten company performance.Soon their business model began to pay off. The product was sticky once businesses implemented the software (a one-time installation cost between $25,000 and $ deoxycytidine monophosphate,000 depending on the scope of desired services) and trained employees on its use, they were likely to renew their annual contracts. Accountants client renewal rate was 25% above the industry average, and most clients retained services for at least four years. In 2010, the firm earned nearly $100 million in revenues, and employed more than 400 employees in ten regional offices located in southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.That same year, however, the proliferation of inexpensive, off-the- hell accounting software, combined with a faltering economy, drove mickle revenues three of its regions. The founders retired and the new CEO was determined to reignite the companys growth. He replaced the vice death chairs of sales in a number of offices with the companys most enterprising young sales directors. Each was given aggressive growth targets. If the revenue goals were met or exceeded, the new leaders and their sales teams would receive a substantial bonus.Wendy Peterson was one of the promoted employees. She was named vice president of sales for Accountants Plano, Texas, office. After consultation with her superior, one of four regional senior vice presidents of sales, she agreed to grow the revenues of her underperforming office by 40% in two years. Accountancy Sales Organization Salespeople (generally referred to as sales executives) invested a significant amount of time getting to know clients and their businesses before submitting an initial proposal and act the account over to a dedicated service team.Once a member of the sales team signed or renewed a client contract, day-to-day responsibility for product implementation and service transferred to an Accountancy account service am. Sales executives communicated with account service teams to keep abreast of implementation challenges and of potential add-on services that their clients might need. For new salespeople, the initial focus was outreach. Although some of the salespeople came from competitors, most came from sales or product management positions in other software or services Wendy Peterson 913-560 companies.New salespeople were expected to mine and leverage their in-person networks and to research, cold-call, and cultivate their own lists of local prospects. Unlike most of Accountants employees, who were salaried, annual compensation for sales employees (about 20% of the companys employees) include a base salary component (50% of annual compensation) and a commission component (50% of annual compensation). Escalating incentives existed for portentous target revenue goals.If sales employees met or exceeded their annual financial targets and stated professional development goals, they were qualified for base salary increases. Although the salespeople mostly operated independently of each other, there were regional sales employee received a flat bonus payment ($7,000 in 2010). Total insemination ranged from $100,000 for first-year salespeople to $1 for Accountants most experienced sales managers. Background Peterson Joined Accountancy after graduating at the top of her Ivy League university class in 2000 with a degree in economics.A tireless worker with a curious mind, she excelled as a young manager on a series of account service teams and earned stellar reviews from both clients and colleagues. By age 28, Peterson was managing account service teams herself. Said Peterson After six years working on and managing client engagements, I was ready for a change sales seemed a challenging, and potentially curative, opportunity. I was nervous, though, about modification in with the sales organization after all, Id never worked in direct sales or closed new business.So I read books on varying sales strategies, attended weekend sales seminars, and bespeak to shadow two of the most successful sales directors (a small number of sales executives were promoted to the title of sales director to reflect their exceptional performance or tenure) in my office for the first month. Vive often been draw as a doer?if I see a chance to help, I dont Just conjure an idea and wait for someone else to take charge. I like to do things myself. After Joining Accountants sales team it struck me that our senior sales staff benefited most from recurring revenue from our largest, longstanding customers.Their business was steady and required little effort. Junior-level sales executives like me, on the other hand, worked overtime to land new accounts and earned far less than experienced sale s directors. As the pressure from management to drive new business increased, I spearheaded a volunteer mentoring program between Junior and senior sales professionals. The more experienced professionals imparted sales and client management wisdom to their Junior counterparts, in return for free care on large accounts.Camaraderie spiked and, I think, an unexpected benefit was that focusing on new business again invigorated senior members of the sales team. I was one of the few sales employees who brought in oodles of new business to Accountancy in 2008 despite the global financial crisis soon after I was promoted to manage the Plano sales organization. To me, the Plano team I inherited seemed disengaged I believed that changing the culture?by making my team closer and the office more collegial?would boost productivity and revenues. Under my direction, our performance improved, and the team exceeded 2010 targets for new business by 15%.

Native American Essay Essay

?From as early as originally the time of the arrival of the European settlers, congenital Americans have suffered tremendously. The establishment of the early English colonies and the emerging populace of the American nation force the lives and destiny of the indigene American passel extremely. One example of this is the cartroad of Tears, an compositors case which brought lots of people sadness and grief. Another example is the loss of their basis, something which exceptionally changed the lives and destiny of the subjective Americans.The last example is diseases, something that the internal Americans caught very often. In summary, the foundation of the early English colonies and the future organic law of the American nation impacted the lives of Native American people more than one will ever so know everything about. To begin with, the English colonies and the American nation at the time forced the Native Americans with something everyone now knows as The Trail of T ears. This trail was a forced relocation of the Native Americans to another land the U.S. had provided. Although they were forced to make the agreement, some thought it was a good opportunity to start a parvenu life and grow new crops. It was nothing like that at all. The majority of the Native Americans died of starvation, diseases, and because many did not have any shoes on their feet and were walking through snow, they also died of the cold. The Trail of Tears took focalise due to the Indian Removal Act passed by President Andrew capital of Mississippi in 1830.For years introductory to the act, many disputes had taken place over land the Native Americans resided on. A previous law make it impossible for Native Americans to technically own land in the United States, then giving Jackson the ability to force them to move. Overall, the Trail of Tears is one of the many examples of how the English colonies and the American nation impacted the lives of the Native Americans gravid ly. Second, the creation of the early English colonies and the future formation of the American nation caused loss of Native American land.Even aft(prenominal) the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears caused the Native Americans to relocate to another land, the English colonies and the American nation took their relocated land too. Also, before that, a little after the Indian Removal Act, a law that authorized him to negotiate with the Native Americans for their removal in switch over for their homelands. All in all, the Native Americans suffered lots of land loss due to the American nation pickings it away for them as they did not want Native Americans on their land.Lastly, the creation of the early English colonies and the future formation of the American nation caused the Native Americans to catch many diseases. This resulted in many deaths and a great amount of suffering, not only for themselves, but for their family members as well. Many of the diseases, such as smallpox , measles, and mumps, were of European origin, and Native Americans exhibited little immunity because they had no previous exposure to those diseases.Even though the European settlers caused these diseases, the Americans were also to tear because they came after the Europeans discovered the land. Many deaths occurred because of smallpox in particular but other diseases as well. In summation, the creation of the early English colonies and the future formation of the American nation caused the Native Americans to catch diseases, resulting in many deaths and losses. In conclusion, the creation of the early English colonies and the future formation of the American nation caused the Native American people great losses and many deaths in their tribes.One example is the Trail of Tears, an event which made the Native Americans relocate to another land. Another example is the loss of their land, something which the American nation could dependable not stop doing to them. The last example i s diseases, something that the Native Americans caught very often, causing many deaths and lots of suffering. The creation of the early English colonies and the future formation of the American nation impacted the lives of Native American people to extreme measures.

Why Marijuana Should Be Illegal

Tyler Wyrick Ms. Russo English 165. 25W 11 May 2010 E1 Why marihuana should be Illegal In society today, many people are looking for a olfactory propertying of freedom. Some go on vacation and spend money while others look to doses. The sense of high-pitched that results from using hemp acts as an escape from the stresses of everyday life. As a result, a tremendous number of Americans participate in the illicit utilisation of marihuana. Our American society is facing a tremendous medicine occupation that leave alone step-up exponentially by the legalization of this medicate.Marijuana should be illegal because it will cause an profit in drug users and drug related offences, the short term and long term moments of marijuana on the body, and the effect it will allow on the country. One of the consequences of legalization would be a tremendous increase in marijuana users. Right now with the use of illicit drugs comes the fear of law enforcement agents and punishment causes individuals to be as well as scared to try marijuana. However, if pinhead become legalized, the fear becomes nonexistent and the number of users skyrockets.Legalized marijuana provides an ease of access code to the drug, which in turn, promotes an increase in sales and use. An increase in marijuana use will in like manner result in an increase in drug related crimes. Supporters of the legalization of weed believe that crime and violence would decrease if the drug is legal. Statistics show that forty percent of those arrested for committing a crime tested corroboratory for the use of drugs at the time of their arrest. Making drugs to a greater extent readily available could heaterentially propel much individuals into a life of crime and violence.Many marijuana users turn to crime to pay for their habit. They are stimulated by drugs and therefore act violently. Sold legally, marijuana will become easy for users to buy it around the corner, which would increase the already exi sting problem of crime. It is mentioned by Forbes that every year drug lords make billions of dollars from marijuana business, and those promoting legalization believe it will wipe out their major sources of funds. Drug use is a matter of cede and demand. As long as demand exists, someone is going to supply it either legally or illegally.Supporters of legalization believe that if the government regulates drugs such(prenominal) as marijuana by imposing taxes, then the sorry market will be eliminated. Not many users can afford to buy high priced drugs such as marijuana. As a result, people will be forced to go to drug gangs who transmit marijuana under the market price. In addition, children and teenagers will obviously be banned from purchasing marijuana, on the dot as they are prohibited from buying beer and liquor. Nevertheless, there will be drug pushers who will stop to encourage the youth and try to get them hooked to marijuana.Hence, legalization of marijuana will encourag e a growing criminal black market. Marijuana is also very bad for ones overall health. Persistent use will damage lungs and airways and raise the risk of cancer. There is just as much exposure to cancer-causing chemicals from heater one marijuana joint as locoweed five tobacco cigarettes. There is evidence that marijuana may limit the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. This drug also causes unplayful side effects to the brain and body.Smoking marijuana can cause a someone to recidivate their memory. Marijuana also has many short-term psychological and physical effects. These reactions usually last for three to five hours after(prenominal) a person has smoked marijuana. The psychological reaction, known as a high, consists of changes in the users feelings and popular opinions. Mainly THC causes such changes. Many people usually smoke marijuana in cigarettes or pipes, nevertheless it also can be mixed with food and beverages. The concentration of the marijuana can advert how a person reacts to using the drug.The effects of a marijuana high vary from person to person and from one time to another in the same individual. In most cases, the high consists of a moonlit relaxed state in which users seem more aware of their senses and feel that time is moving slowly. Sometimes however, marijuana produces a feeling of panic and dread. The different reactions result partly from the concentration of THC in the marijuana. different factors such as the conniption in which marijuana is used, the users expectations, personality, and mood also allude a persons reaction to the drug.Long-term effects of marijuana are not completely known, but studies have shown that some people who have used marijuana regularly for several months or chronic have developed serious long-term problems. Among males, marijuana use can reduce the production of sperm cell and the male sex hormone testosterone. Among females, marijuana can cause menstrual irregula rity and reduced fertility. blanket(a) use of marijuana also has a long-term psychological effect on many people. These individuals lose interest in everything. They become unmotivated and detached. Another impact on health is that marijuana is a gateway drug.People that smoke marijuana for the first time feel that bringing themselves to actually try pot is the hardest part. erst an individuals nerves are now calm nigh trying marijuana, they will now find that trying harder drugs wont be as difficult to think about. Once their attitude on drug use is changed people will not hesitate to experiment with in the raw harder drugs just as they did with marijuana. The Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University represent adolescents who smoke pot 85 times more likely to use cocaine than their nonpot smoking peers. 0 percent of young people who use marijuana before they turn 15 ulterior go on to use cocaine. A user of marijuana will eventually want to feel a new or better high causing them to resort to drugs that have much more of a negative effect on the body. Not all drug users will immediately fetch using heroin, but once they are taking drugs it is very difficult for them to quit. For some, it will begin with simplistic painkillers and then possibly cocaine. With each step further into the world of drugs the user will find it harder to return. The high becomes an escape from reality.It becomes a release from the pressures of everyday life. With time, the period between highs becomes shortened due to the inability for users to showcase daily tasks. Soon, they become addicts living for the next high. Why? Because marijuana, a harmless, organic drug, opened the room access to more possibilities. Next, legalization is neither a reasonable nor rational policy for this country. One of the biggest concerns about the legalization program line is the mixed message it sends to our young people. The legalization will imply a nonjudgmental attitud e about drugs.The publics attitude must change toward drugs and focus on prevention and treatment of drug abuse while maintaining the laws that make the drugs illegal. By focusing time and resources on the dangers of marijuana use, we are setting ourselves up for a better society as a whole. Reducing societal acceptance of weed use would allow Americans to raise a generation that could make a healthy contribution to the country. Then, the thought of job opportunities could be an issue. Think about the hundreds of thousands of others who are daily and heroically involved in the unvarying war on drugs.Police officers, who are constantly meeting their quota by busting marijuana related crimes, would now have to sit back and watch the future of America get high on the streets hoping they wont stay on in to the drug world. Marijuana is illegal for many reasons. Most of the people that are pro-legalization will not use it for medical use or are at all interested in this nations economy. The ugly truth is that most want it legal merely because they want to use it. The drug problem America faces now would severely increase if marijuana were legalized.Health bills would go up due to medical issues involving weed, drug related crimes would increase, and legalizing the drug would change Americas attitude on drugs completely and open the door to drugs far worse than weed. The war on drugs would just be getting started.

Problems of farmers in present day of Life Essay

We think of farms as always macrocosm there. Food will always be grown. Our countryside will be full of cows and crops just deal it always has been. The fact is that this may not be true. Farmers are faced with the growing costs to associate their farms. These costs include taxes, insurance, and regular farm costs. When we visited a farm, the farmer said that this was one of his main concerns. and not the weather conditions like we thought. Farmers are being offered big cash to sell their farms. Companies that are building a lot of ho engrosss and condominiums buy up farm land so that city tidy sum can move into the country. They weary up the farm land into sm wholeer pieces of land. In the picture on the right, you will see an drill of how housing developments are gradually taking over valuable farm land. With much people travel and moving into the country, more coursestead need to be built. Roads take up land, too. Many times the land is cultivated land. So, the farme r is offered lots of money to sell their land.The high taxes and farm costs make this reflexion good to farmers. Another big threat is roads that go around cities. These are called loops or bypasses. These apply up farm land, parks, and green spaces edging our cities. This has had a terrible track record over the aside few years, although many mayors and members of Congress now want to build more. As a nation, we should stop behemoth highways and promote new transportation that helps the economy and the environment.We interviewed former Congressman and former head of the New island of tee shirt turnpike Authority Neil Gallagher who said, New Jersey used to make awful smells that would spread across the realm from a major pig farm in Secaucus. A plan then was made by Governor Al Driscoll to run a highway through New York State to the crossing of the Delaware River to take out the traffic on Highway Number 1. In order to build these roadways, all the roads had to connect and pa ss through Secaucus which had to be the hub of the highway. In order to do this, the government had to buy all the pig farms in Secaucus. Mr. Gallagher remembers that several laws were passedA new organization was formed called the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Creation of an organization that would buy the farms at a fair price. Allowing the turnpike to sell bonds to raise money to buy the land andbuild the road. The bonds would be paid for by the tolls that were collected on the turnpike. Two thirds of the money came from out-of-state drivers. The solution of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority closing down the farms was that we lost the farm land, and the new use of that land resulted in the greatest economic boom that the state of New Jersey had ever seen. The road itself created all new jobs throughout the state and in Secaucus itself.Lets use the New Jersey Meadowlands sports complex as an example. This land became some of the most valuable land in the metropolitan playing ar ea when the Meadowlands including Giant Stadium, the race track, and Continental Arena was built where pig farms used to be. Mr. Gallagher feels that, Sometimes the price of progress is purpose a better use of land that benefits more people at the expense of a more rural and quiet way of life. The threat to farming had to be raised for the people of the state. This is one example, just now a balance does have to be set from nature and a growing society. Many people would agree with Mr. Gallaghers statements and many others would not. No matter where you stand on the loss of valuable farmland to development, you need to always be concerned about the future of our farming communities.

Roanoke: the Lost Colony

Roanoke The Lost Colony Roanoke was the first attempt at creating an English solution in the New World. It began in 1587 when Sir Walter Raleigh gathered over 100 people to voyage to Roanoke Island on North Carolinas coast. Three years later, all of Roanokes inhabitants were gone with barely any recount that they even lived there. The only clues found were the letter CRO carved into the trunk of a tree. On the near palisades, John white found the word CROATOAN carved into the surface.I believe the colonists of Roanoke voyaged to the nearby island of Croatoan and were absorbed by the indigene tribes. White, finding the clues, then began trying to identify the fate of the villagers. Before leaving, he told the villagers to leave clues as to their position should they have to leave the colony. White knew of an island called Croatoan south of Roanoke. A storm forced White and his men posterior to England before he could search for his family.Another clue as to where the colonists we nt is the fact that several of the natives in Croatoan describe their ancestors as white people. Later, there were natives found with gray eyes which were only found among these natives and no others. The natives also seize their ancestors came from Roanoke in Virginia. The Pembrokes, the natives of Croatoan, spoke pure Anglo-Saxon English and bore the last names of many of the illogical colonists. The natives even had fair eyes, light hair, and Anglo bone structure.These clues all point to the colonists voyaging into Croatoan and making a settlement there. obscure from telling the colonists to leave Clues, White also told them to carve a Maltese cross above their destination. Because no cross was found at Roanoke, it leads me to believe the colonists had to leave in a hurry. There could have been a threat of invasion which gave the colonists little time to escape and leave clues to their whereabouts. The lost colony of Roanoke was abandoned and its inhabitants voyaged into the state of nature and joined local native tribes.

British Airways Performance Analysis Assignment - 1

British Airways Performance Analysis - Assignment ExampleThe above ratios reveal the comparative degree performance of BA for the two years under consideration. Profitability- wise operating profit ratio has registered a commendable performance in 2008 as compared to 2007. In occurrence the operating profit margin measures the helping of each sales dollar remaining after all cost other than interest, taxes, and preferred channel dividend are deducted. It represents pure profits earned on each dollar.(Lawrence J Gitman, page 67) The performance of BA has been excellent raising its operating profit ratio from 7.09% in 2007 to 10% in 2008 despite the fact that the rise in revenue is merely 3%. In the year 2007 total revenue was 8492m and that has lift only to 8753m. The extremely good profitability performance is again corroborated by the fact that return on equity has gone up from a mere 8.39% to 21.74%. Such a large increase in return on equity is remarkable when the total equit y has risen from 2411m in 2007 to 3233m. Overall BA has performed extremely well on profitability front. liquidity has been a problem for BA in twain years. Liquidity reflects the curtly term solvency situation of a ships partnership. Liquidity position provides an idea about whether the company is in a position to meet its short term obligations when those become due. Liquidity of a company is aptly reflected by its current ratio. The current ratio of 21 is considered optimum for any industry, exclusively this standard again differs from industry to industry. BA has a current ratio of 0.95 1 in 2007 and 0.971 in 2008. By any standard, the current ratio is much lower than the required standard. BA is liner a fluidityity crunch and if it continues like this BA might face difficulties in meeting its short term obligations. Current ratio change in 2008 when compared to 2007 is not even noticeable. The contributing major factors to the deteriorating the liquid position of BA a re current interest-bearing deposits that have depleted from 1642m in 2007 to 1181m in 2008. Liquidity is certainly a cause of concern for BA.

Learning Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning Journal - Essay ExampleIt friends us to build grade oriented interpersonal relationship while applying innovative strategies to adept on demand of the circumstances. Such hear indeed has constructive role in an organization. Precisely, developing a willingness and ability to engage in self-reflection, is a critical leadership skill. The cult of leadership include using decision-making structures such as co-operative ventures, collegiality, consensus ar the unfeigned traits of applied democracy.Leadership, a critical management skill, is the ability to motivate a group of plurality toward a common goal. Leadership is about behavior first, skills second. Good leaders be followed chiefly because plurality desire and respect them, rather than the skills they possess. Leadership relies on management skills too, but more so on qualities such as integrity, honesty, humility, courage, commitment, sincerity, passion, confidence, positivity, wisdom, determination, compassion and sensitivity. Today ethical leadership is more important than ever. The world is more e on that pointal and connected than it has ever been. Media and the public scrutinize the actions and philosophies of organizations as never before. This coincides with massively increased awareness and rice beer among people everywhere in corporate responsibility. A constant growing leader plan carefully, with their people where appropriate, and work to achieve the set aims. At times, they may have to redefine or develop their take new aims and priorities. They compulsion to set and agree clear standards. Further, they need to ensure look after people and that communications and relationships are good. Apart from self-growth every accomplished leaders select good people and help them to develop and always support people while they strive to improve and take on duplication tasks. Good leadership principles must cascade down through the whole organization. This means that if leaders are le ading a large organization they must check that the processes for managing, communicating and developing people are in place and working properly. Communication is critical that emphasis on to listen, consult, involve, and explain why as well as what needs to be done.LEADERS BUILDS THE TRUST OF CREDIBILITYJames Macgregor Burns introduced a normative element known as an effective Burnsian leader will unite followers in a shared vision that will improve an organization and society. Burns calls leadership that delivers true value, integrity, and combining transformational leadership. Thus, transformational leadership requires an evaluation of quality, independent of the market demand that exhibits in the number of followers. If we seek one hotshot most important behavior that will rapidly earn respect and trust among the people, then we need to give our people the credit for the achievements and successes. No good leader takes the credit himself. He must and take the blame and accep t responsibility for any failings or mistakes that his people make. In any case, if there is failure, their failing is his responsibility - true

Strategic Plan for next Irregular US Coalition Conflict Essay

Strategic Plan for next Irregular US Coalition difference of opinion - Essay ExampleIn order to bring about strategies that eliminate the challenges for the U.S unsmooth conflicts, a diversity of collaborative, competitive and authoritative approached are necessitated to bring about effectiveness and flexibility (Keravuori para 2). Formulating strategies that result in war effectiveness require critical understanding of the numerous actors, and their conflicting ideologies, as well as applying a multiphased approach in war. Above all, a careful examination of the economic effects and actions of the irregular conflict should be given precedence, and negotiations should be employed to the maximum. Irregular conflicts are hard to describe, and knowing how to serve to irregular conflicts is inherently intricate for an outsider like United States (Kramer para 3). Efficient strategies demand that strategists should leave into account evolving, mutually dependent and multistakeholder n ature of irregular conflicts. The United States defeat in the Vietnam War, setbacks in motley battles like Somalia, Bosnia and Lebanon, coupled with forces and governmental complexities in Iraq and Afghanistan underscores the limits of United States military traditional supremacy. The supremacy has not in the recent past yielded any influential success against non state actors practicing protracted welfare. America has base its military supremacy on firepower that has been counterproductive. This is a problem that is founded on the countrys military and political culture (Keravuori para 5). The counterinsurgency wars that America engages in are mostly political in nature, quite an than being jus ad bellum. This implies that the American government risks the lives of its citizens and that of citizens in countries like afghan and Iraq when national concerns and interests are not at stake. The pentagons aversion to counterinsurgency is soundly rooted in the American manner of welf are. Since the azoic 1940s, the army has trained, outfitted and planned for large scale predictable operations for large scale adversaries, and it has traditionally utilized military operations even against irregular conflicts. Barring a philosophical change in the United States armed and political culture, America runs a noteworthy risk of failure whenever it goes into irregular wars of choice. The think is that great power involvement in small wars is nearly always a subject of preference. such(prenominal) wars do not involve central United States security interests, other than placing the confines of American military on display. The war in Iraq is the latest illustration of the confines of Americas power. Observers argue that move American renowned generals like Rommel Erwin in the operation Iraqi freedom was an incompetent move. The reason is that Iraqi forces were not difficult to deal with as they were poorly trained, incompetently led, demoralized and badly equipped. Thus , sending massively armed troops in Iraq underscores achievement of Americas military. Neoimperialist Boot Max praised America on its Iraq invasion as one of the signals of military success in American history. These words were one sided as they anticipated a win situation for America. However, this was not the case as America not moreover lost in its political objective, but also in eliminating insurgency that was erupting day by day. iii years after Iraq incursion, boot expressed

Reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

schooling - Assignment ExampleHe argues that the masks allow the women behind them express themselves without fearing the loss of their own dignity.The author interprets damozels African masks differently from other critics. He views them as offensive and at the same term attractive, the attraction is not because of the pictorial effect, but for the clients that source the service of these pictured women. Cave however, dispute the supposition that the unmasked faces of the three figures on the left side of the picture atomic number 18 not syphilitic monsters this is becauseAfrican masks are viewed as repellents. Those masked he views them as ridden with plaque while the unmasked as very healthy.Over the oddment decade the Les Demoiselles has been stated to evoke fearsome and awful prototypical reactions amongst men that view and experience its nature. This is ascribable to its design of cubism and caricature.Walter Benjamin observes that the emergence of whoredom is a modern p henomenon expressed trough Picasso painting. And with this modernity prostitution and the trade of sex increase. The sex he says has been commoditized in utter disregard to the very important tenets of love.The divisional state of the Les Demoiselles made it receive less consideration for public display. This disjunctive state left historians debating on whether the art was actually finished or not. The author of this article uses previous critiques to bring the issues of be given and class, citing that race and class differentiate the art by le demoiselles and Olympus.Chave then explains that the flattening of pictorial space is but a modernist phenomenal. Clements on the other hand, sees it as a result of the consolidation of the means of unique art. Under Steinberg eye, wake Picassos Les Demoiselles, he sees the interior space of the art in compression, like the inside of compressed bellows. He describes the feeling as one of an inhabited pocket heated by a contracting