Measurement Tools for Elder Abuse and Neglect Essay

Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI) is a 41-item Likert shield puppet which consists of seven sections that reviews signs, symptoms and subjective complaints of old hollo, neglect, exploitation, and abandonment (Fulmer, 2008, p. 1). The EAI can be utilize in any clinical setting to detect agedly hatred and neglect and is accomplished by a professional much(prenominal) as a cargongiver, emergency doctor or practitioner.The seven sections ar General Assessment (5 items), practical Abuse Indicators (7 items), Possible Neglect Indicators (14 items), Possible Exploitation Indicators (6 items), Possible Abandonment Indicators (4 items) and Summary (5 items), each section come with with an area for comments and follow-up. The summary section directs the user to indicate the likelihood of the strawman of each type of mistreatment. The summary is derived from clinical interpretations of the findings in the previous sections. (Fulmer, et al, 2004 Fulmer, 2008). allowance is given t o download a copy of the EAI only for non-profit educational purposes from the website of The capital of Connecticut Institute for Geriatric Nursing, College of Nursing, New York University, and only if the Institute is cited as the source. likeness of the instrument can be purchased from the Clearinghouse on Abuse and Neglect of the antiquated (CANE). Indicators of Abuse (IOA) The IOA is a 29-item in-home assessment pecker (12 deprave risk items just somewhat the caregiver, 15 abuse risk items about the care receiver, and 2 demographic questions) used by professionals to determine incidences of older abuse.Focusing on psychical and psychosocial attributes of both caregiver and care receiver, it examines three dimensions of elder abuse the intrapersonal problems and issues of the caregiver, social problems of the caregiver, and support issues and history of abuse of the elder. (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 663 University of California at Berkeley, School of neighborly Welfare BASSC, 2007, p. 7). Although it is not intended for diagnostic purposes, professionals use the IOA to unreported incidences of elder abuse for punctual intervention. Research Findings EAIRevised in 2008, the EAI has been used since the previous(predicate) 1980s and in health care settings such as in the emergency section (Fulmer, et al, 2000 as cited in Fulmer, 2004) and in an acute infirmary setting (Carr, et al, 1986 as cited in Fulmer, 2004). Psychometric results convey that the EAI, like another(prenominal) popular cover version instruments (the EAI is one of the three most frequently cited elder mistreatment tools), lack evidences of overall validity and reliability as it has not been used in a variety of clinical settings (BASSC, 2007, p. 7), however, it is reported that it has a comparatively high inner consistency reliability at 0.84 (Cronbachs alpha) and test-retest reliability at 0. 83 (Fulmer, 2008, p. 1) Other psychometric data for EAI show its content validity index at 0. 83, interrater agreement at 0. 83, sensibility at 71%, and specificity at 93% (Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299). IOA The items of the IOA were evaluated for content and construct validity by a multidisciplinary panel. In the original athletic field conducted by the developers of the instrument and which involved 341 participants results show that the IOA was successful in correctly identifying 84.4% of abuse cases and 99. 2% of non-abuse cases (Reis and Nahmiash,1998, p. 1). Psychometric studies on the IOA show very high internal consistency of . 91 and . 92 (Cronbachs alpha). Studies to a fault show divergent, concurrent and construct related evidence of validity as it is able to come apart abuse from non-abuse (BASSC, 2007, p. 9). Clinical Utility EAI The use of EAI in the emergency department has shown auspicious results in abuse identification and reporting (Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299).Although the EAI meets practicality concerns because it can be administered o nly from 12-15 minutes, it is reported to be weak on scoring corpse and specificity (Fulmer, et al 2004). The EAI is expected to be more advantageous than free-ended instruments that are time-consuming. Another strength of the EAI is that it able to make the clinician more sensitive to screening for elder mistreatment and be more receptive to abuse indicators (Fulmer, 2004 Fulmer, 2008). IOA The IOA is an effective tool in identifying abuse risk even before it is reported allowing for timely and exigent intervention (Cohen, et al., 2006, p. 663). Data show that its use in health and social services organizations has led to the identification of 78% to 84% abuse cases (Wolf, 2000 as cited in Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299). One limitation of the tool however is that it is a subjective evaluation focusing only on indicators (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 664). Since it is administered through open clinical interview, differences in interview and evaluation skills of the administrators may pose discrepancies in observations (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 664). Another weakness is that it takes around two to three hours to finish the assessment.Because of its length, Fulmer, et al. (2004) observe that the IOA is appropriate for research studies but may pose difficulties in checkup and social service settings. Conclusion Both EAI and the E-IOA are clear about the type of risk being assessed, e. g. risk to a victims well-being and safety, hence, they are good instruments to be administered in nursing facilities. senior(a) people are very vulnerable to abuse and neglect not only by their families. It has also been found out that elder mistreatment could also happen in nursing facilities.It is reported that nurses and caregivers sometimes are the perpetrators of the abuse ((McLafferty & Morrison, 2004 Nahmiash and Reis 2000). Other instruments that measure elder abuse and neglect are the following 1. Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) 2. Brief Abuse screen for the Elderly (BA SE) 3. Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) 4. Based on the list an aggregate list of instruments that could screen or measure hoary neglect, the following are also being considered for inclusion in my study References Cohen, M. , et al. (2006).Development of a screening tool for identifying elderly people at risk of abuse by their caregivers. The Journal of Aging and Health. 18 660-686. recoup September 25, 2008 from http//jah. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/660. University of California at Berkeley, School of Social Welfare (BASSC). (2007). Instruments for assessing elder mistreatment implications for adult protective services. examine for Practice An Executive Summary, No. 9, Sept 2007. Retrieved March 9, 2009 from, http//cssr. berkeley. edu/research_units/bassc/documents/C61602_9_web.pdf. Fulmer, T. (2008). Elder mistreatment assessment. The capital of Connecticut Institute for Geriatric Nursing. No. 15, Retrieved September 28, 2008 from, http//www. hartfordign. org/publications/trythis/issue15. pdf. Fulmer, T. , et al. (2004). Progress in elder abuse screening and assessment instruments. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Vol 52, No 2. Retrieved September 25, 2008 from http//jah. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/660.. McLafferty, I. and Morrison, F. (2004). Attitudes towards hospitalized older adults.