History - Sanctions and Nonprofilerations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History - Sanctions and Nonprofilerations - Essay ExampleThere was once a time when Libya also had uranium enrichment plants and weapons of hand destruction. So if that much of the countries in the world atomic number 18 running play their atomic programs then why US and western countries atomic number 18 behaving in a selfish means to deprive off Iran and north Korea from this technology? The answer is no doubt, quite complex and even US is trying to impose sanctions for the nonproliferation of such technology, none of these countries wanted to set ears on it. To begin with, the location in Iran is quite different that of northeast Korea. It is surrounded by Iraq, Afghanistan and is non so far from a strongly opposed nuclear strength, Israel, who keeps on curseening Iran on its extreme Islamic policies. On the different hand, with US in the region, Iran does not feel itself secure enough from the borders. Actually its the US and virtually other western countries that pr ovided Iran with nuclear technology during the dynasty of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi during 1960s and 1970s. However, after the Islamic revolution of Iran in 1979, these countries create aware of the fact that most Iranians do not homogeneous their policies and are not in raise of taking dictations from them. So they consider Irans nuclear program as a great threat to their strength and might in the world. So far, there have been no weapons of mass destruction anchor in Iran and it has also signed the non-proliferation treaty of nuclear weapons. But as far as US is concerned, it has a history of invasion into other countries on the names of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, like it did with Iraq where none was found to be the weapon of mass destruction. So in order to remind US that Iran would not be another Iraq for it to invade and gain natural resources, it is necessary for Iran to have its own nuclear program so that no one become able to set eyes on it. These are the re asons due to which Iran withdrew from the non-proliferation treaty and is working on its program (Jarrod Hayes. 2011). Almost same is the case with wedlock Korea, it also signed the treaty but withdrew from it in 2003 due to US double faced policies which do not make the world a goloshr and better place at all, rather there is already much destruction in most parts of the world due to illegitimate invasion of US. The imposition of the entire world does not ever come to an end. the accuse of having a nuclear program not so protested has become old now, as everyone knows that when a country starts such projects, first it make sure enough that everyone will not have access to the weapons and that those will not cause any harm to the population. They are better well wishers of their own countries as compare to others. North Korea is a declared nuclear power with tests in 2006 and 2009, where Iran is still in the way. Both the countries should not roll back their programs to make the ir people safe and guarded (Millon). As far as the sanctions are concerned, US tried to put both Iran and North Korea into severe circumstances by putting industrial and economical sanctions on them. In April 1998, North Korean was entitled to sanctions for their role in transferring Missile Technology with Pakistan. In November 2011, US decided to pressurize Iran to tie down its nuclear program as it did not obey any of the international obligations and continue to build weapons of mass destruction. US prohibited any of the procurement activities taking place for Iran by carrying equipment and technology and there would

Mother daughter relationship in Mary Gordon's Cleaning Up (short Essay

Mother daughter relationship in Mary Gordons Cleaning Up (short story) - Essay Exampleut working for what you receive therefore, Loretta never bathes for fear that she would be putting herself in the camp of the Lavins children (p. xx). Although she doesnt like children, she makes an effort to go after herself in play with the oldest child, John Lavin, as her way of paying her board (p. xx). She knew her bring forth would have expected this of her. Although it is never written that the Lavin family is anything but accommodating during Lorettas stay, Loretta constantly feels like an outsider. She is convinced that her mothers actions caused Martine Lavin, the materfamilias of the family, and other company members to see her as an inferior person. Later, when she becomes a well-educated woman, she still feels that her old community would condemn her because of her mothers earlier behavior.Cleaning Up is, in parts, consistent with Gordons life. In the story, Loretta attains the sa me level of education that Gordon currently has. Lorettas pre-college schooling is better than what Gordon was provided, but both establish a Masters degree and use it to teach. Mother Perpetua is Lorettas greatest influence. According to an meshing biography, Gordon received the same kind of influence from Elizabeth Hardwick and Janice Thaddeus. Gordon actually considered becoming a nun, a lifestyle that Loretta alike briefly contemplates. Finally, Lorettas work ethic is similar to Gordons. Gordon worked to support herself, just like Loretta. Against her mothers advice, Gordon performed secretarial work and babysat for Thaddeus to put herself through school. Gordons own mother, though disfigured from and afflicted with polio, in like manner worked as a secretary to support her family because her husband wouldnt.The fact that Loretta strives as hard as her mother would have wanted her to, makes it clear that Loretta loved her mother despite the turmoil shed created. Even though Loretta never saw her mother again, she thinks about

St.Regis Doha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

St.Regis Doha - Essay ExampleThis in turn has augmented the significance of strategic management in organization to quite a big(p) extent. A sound and viable strategy that results from a proper planning process is therefore dubbed as the pivotal instrument for striving and maintaining a high performance in the market place. However, due to the increase rapid changes in the global business environment, strategies formulated by organizations have to be resilient or adaptive in nature. This will aid in the process of continually creating an endogenous innovation or coping up with the exogenous changes (Bloodgood, 2007). Therefore from an overall point of keep an eye on, the resilient and adaptive tactics of the fraternity help in maintaining an adequate strategic fit between the strategy adopted by a firm and its surrounding external and internal environment (Aarika-Stenroos and Sandberg, 2012). This report aims at analyzing the business as easily as the overall marketing strategy o f St. Regis Hotel based in Qatar. After the analysis of the strategies pursued by the company, the study will attempt to identify the problems associated with the strategy. On the basis of the findings, the study will then barrack the most appropriate and relevant solution to the company. Lastly, a conclusion to the study will be worn by highlighting the key findings and an overall gist of the report. The report will begin by providing a brief overview of the chosen organization and will then slowly move towards the analysis and recommendation segments. St. Regis A Brief Overview St Regis was first opened in New York in the year 1904 and since then they had expanded in different parts of the world (Starwoodhotels, 2013a). St. Regis Doha is one of the premier hotels in Doha and is one of the largest in Qatar. It is five star luxury hotel situated at the heart of the city. The hotel is located in Doha western United States Bay. The hotel was constructed in the year 2012 and has a ch ain affiliation with the Starwood Hotels. Presently, the hotel accommodates 336 guest rooms and fifty-eight of them are dubbed as seductive suites. The ancient architecture and the surrounding sand dunes are the inspiration of this landmark in Doha. The biggest rivalrous advantageous factor of the hotel is its prime location. All the rooms in the hotel offer a mesmerizing view of the Arabian Gulf with the tranquil blue sea. Furthermore, it to a fault has discreet oceanfront cabanas and a private beach. The extensive figure of speech of leisure facilities on with the magnificent interiors makes it a favorite destination for both business and leisure travelers. whatsoever of the facilities offered by the hotel are internet and laundry benefits, concierge services, business center, parking facilities, and some(prenominal) recreational services. These additional attributes along with the superior quality of services marks the hotel as one of the best in the country. The hospitalit y of St. Regis also demands special mention. The guests of the hotel are welcomed with unmatched geniality. St. Regis is continuously setting new standards of luxury service and excellence and service delivery within the hotel industry of Doha. The hotel since its commencement has been continuously setting new standards for the industry and has succeeded to add several feathers to its cap. Some of the evident ones are Best New Hotels 2013 by Travel+Leisure, achieving a position in the 2013 Hot List by Conde

Death with dignity act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Death with dignity act - Essay ExampleOne characteristic of terminally ill patients is excessive twinge inflicted on the body by the disease. For instance, cancer patients have to undergo chemotherapy, which is a very painful process. Therefore, patients survive the pain by using strong painkillers that make them loose hair. Other than the pain, the patients lose their independence, sense of self, and failure of nearly of their systems (Washington, 2010). Therefore, legalizing PAS result go a long way to alleviate pain on patients who will ultimately die anyway. Smith et al. suggests that PAS does not indicate a poorer end- carriage-care but love from the loved ones (Smith et al., 2011).The US government activity spends an enormous amount of money to treat terminally ill patients who in most cases are unattended by their loved ones and left to die. On average, end-of-life accounts for 10-12% of all healthcare spending. This includes hospice and home care spending amounting to $3.5 one thousand million and $29 billion respectively (Raphael, 2001). Additionally, insurance does not cover end-of-life care, which rests a big economic blame on the government. As the population shifts to a bigger percentage of Americans in the age bracket of 65 years and above, there is need to legalize PAS law to do away with the increasing number of the terminally ill patients at will.Legalizing the bill on PAS will protect people who do not wish to suffer lingering and painful deaths by prolonging their lives (UIC, N.d). Most terminally ill patients depend on life support machines such as respirators. Additionally, they have many medical problems including failure of some organs deal the kidney. Thus, they require frequent dialysis (Washington, 2010). Therefore, they solely understand the extent of their pain thus the decision of their dying is personal. Legalizing PAS will empower patients to choose when and how they want to die. After all, judges have in the past

How Changes in Technology Can Affect Service Organizations and Their Essay

How Changes in engine room Can Affect Service Organizations and Their Customers - quiz ExampleIn the modern era of technology it often turns out, that an organization that manages its computer data fore the most efficient way is the leading one in high select customer process. Technology introduces both major problems and major opportunities. In general, technology can be broadly defined as a kind of system of knowledge-based activities employed in the conversion of an input into a useful output. (DSouza, 1995) The captivate of technology on supporter positioning, service design, service voice communication and quality, customer satisfaction can scantily be overestimated.The very essence of service provision type of business results in significant lick of high-tech environment on both quality of service provided and level of customer satisfaction. Services be produced and consumed simultaneously therefore, customers often personally contact the provider of the service, so opening an opportunity for an inter-personal relationship. (Lovelock, 2001) Going counterbalance further then this, service industry involves multiple service encounters over a period of time, thus require an ongoing relationship with the consumer (auto repair) or an ongoing membership (banking, insurance systems). (Lovelock, 2001) Excellence in service delivery is largely dependent on interpersonal relationships with customer either on a short-term or on a long-term basis, whereas in recent years many processes that used to be manual now are mechanized. This shifts the dependence of customer satisfaction and service quality on hands quality to the dependence on quality of technology management. All five dimensions of service quality outlined in a journal article by Subhash C. Kundu and Jay A. Vora (2004) reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles are directly correlated with technology management.The quality improvement movement that has been so popular with in the last few years is mainly drive by technological innovations. Over years technology began to outweigh all other factors that traditionally boast been major constitutes of service quality. Eventually the result might be that a service company, that is able to go under to technological innovations and successfully implement them in service provision, depart be the leading in the industry. It is stated far and wide, that the corporate success in the 21st century will largely depend on a companys ability to leverage feedback and to establish an ongoing dialogue with the consumer as a consequence. Technology will provide a basis for enduring customer relations that will be based on trust and commitment. (Rosello, 1997) Lovelock (2001) introduced the idea of the four quadrants of service types three of which emphasize the relationship with the individual when delivering a service services directed at peoples bodies, physical possessions, and intangible assets. The final quadran t, quadrant 3, represents services directed at peoples minds (education, radio, television) and in this case most of the times relationship is often with the organization instead of a rough-cut individualistic approach. Technological innovation by bringing in new channels of product delivery makes this idea questionable. (Prescott, 2003) It should be emphasized, that the categorizing offered by Lovelock is actually much more complex. In

Impact of culture on online consumer purchase decision Thesis Proposal

Impact of purification on online consumer purchase finding - Thesis Proposal ExampleThe present research has identified that the advent of the net in the agate line has significantly transformed the business. Organizations are fashioning constant efforts to win the customer on multiple channels. colossal literature has been developed to explore the impact of different factors on the consumer purchase decision. The increasing role of the internet has led the researchers to explore the factors that play an effective role in driving consumer to transact online. Culture as a factor has received limited attention. Hence, the problem statement for this proposed champaign is an exploration of the role of culture on the whole in affecting the consumer purchase decision while making an online transaction. The aim of the study refers to the central idea around which the entire study revolves. With this definition at work, the aim of this study is to curb the impact of culture on the pu rchase decision of the consumer while making an online transaction. With this aim, following objectives are plan to be achievedIn the light of a specific definition of the culture, identification of a specific line up of factors that determine the culture.Exploration of the impact of culture on consumer decision-making process.Exploration of the difference in consumer decision making process in online and offline transaction.Exploration of different factors of culture on the online consumer decision making process.

Discuss local, state, federal taxation of a good Essay

Discuss local, state, federal revenue enhancement of a profound - examine ExampleThis has produced a corresponding decline in the effectiveness of the tax as a revenue enhancement raiser, because the demand for goods has declined. Demand for services has risen, besides services have been excluded from the base of taxable items, hence it does not contribute to state revenue. The shift in consumer demand from goods to services may be due to the taxation of goods as opposed to non taxation of services.But Tannenwald (2002) notes that cyclical influences can also shape demand, which may tierce to an increase in State revenues. The explanation offered for this phenomenon is that tax consumption is more pro-cyclical than tax preferred consumption. When saki rates are low and the stock market is strong, consumers tend to spend freely on taxed items, which results in a boost to the economy and contributes a greater share of funds to State revenues. But as consumers continue to spend m ore on taxed goods, the level of savings also goes down because consumer debt keeps increasing. As consumer debt rises to a high level, there is a shift in consumer demand from taxed goods to untaxed services, which results in a condensation of the economy and a decline in the revenues earned by the State.(Tannenwald, 2002).With an increase in outsourcing and the production of goods at cheaper locations, consumers may still prefer to spend on taxed items because the goods overall have become cheaper, so that in spite of the tax the goods may still be priced at competitive rates (Tannenwald, 2002). Taxes play an important image in the final price of the product, since a higher tax on a particular good will make it less attractive for consumers to purchase, since the price of the good in the marketplace will be higher. In such a case, when the economy is strong, there may be adequate sales of taxed goods but when consumer debt rises and the tax remains high, the shift in consumer d emand to services will result in a fall in

Frankenstein (Norton Critical Editions) book Essay

Frankenstein (Norton Critical Editions) book - Essay Exampleprofessional has former(a) two siblings particularly brformer(a)s William and Ernest. Due to his obsession with the study of outdated science theories, Victor chooses to enroll in the University of Ingolstadt in Germany (Shelley 19). Weeks before he leaves for school, his mother Caroline succumbs to death after suffering from scarlet fever. This publisher will seek to compare and contrast education of young hulks, parallel to the education of Victor and his creation. As the book reveals, Victor underwent formal education un equal the monster, which had to learn on its own. According to the narrator, Victor had permeant interest in studying outdated science theories specifically those that focused on attaining natural wonders. As a result, he attended the University of Ingolstadt where studied well and excelled in subjects such as chemistry and other sciences. During his time in school, Victor developed a secretive techniq ue that involved imbuing of inanimate bodies in particular with life. This shows that Victor attended a formal school with teachers and other students and in a school like environment. Thus, he acquired formal education, which is not the case with the monster (28). As the story unveils, readers are meant to understand that the monster attained education through self-training. Predominantly, it is seeable that when the monster disappeared from the room where Victor created it, it went to seek refuge in thick bushes close to a cottage where the DeLacy family lived and to a surprise, it spent a whole year observe the members of this family. The story points out that the monster leant how to read, became self-aware, and sight its hideous physical state. In addition, the source explains that, during its stay, the monster discovered a shoulder bag of lost books, which it used to teach itself how to read. It also stood by the pool where it put up out that its physical appearance was di fferent from that of humans (37). This entails that the monsters mode of education or rather acquiring knowledge was through practice, self-learning, and observation. Victors education is parallel to that of his creation in that, they both had quest for knowledge. Consequently, Victor went to a school to receive education while the monster had to teach itself. Victors interests First, Victor displays an infatuated possessiveness for Elizabeth. He undergoes a series of mentally related breakdowns nevertheless his father restores him by reinstating his former wealth status and his mother fulfils his passion for Elizabeth by lending him her slide by in marriage. Apart from his interests for Elizabeth, Victor had an obsessive passion for studying outdated science theories. Victor grew up knowing that je could understand probably explain the things surrounding him if he could study outdated science theories (42). by-line this believe, he developed a covert skill in which he could ins till inert bodies with life. In other words, he developed a way of creating creatures and filling them with life. This was yet another of his interests. Victor and henrys interests Victor Frankenstein and Henry Clerval were long-time acquaintances. Henry developed intensive interest for care, poems, and sense. When Victor was studying at Ingolstadt University, he spent a while without communicating with his family. Henry chose to relocate to where Victor was in clubhouse to take care of Victor. This shows that Victor was passionate about taking care of his friends. On the other end, when Victor brought the

The Global Warming Phenomenon Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Global Warming Phenomenon - Term Paper causaFurthermore, this increases the risk for flooding in the usual storm-afflicted areas, and the likelihood of drought in locations that get relatively less(prenominal) precipitation. The change in temperature also makes the storm tracks vary, making the weather less predictable. More importantly for humans, increase temperature will lead to groove-related health incidents, air-quality respiratory illnesses, and low crop yields (Environment Protection Agency). Because of the vast effects of world-wide warming, even the government is being called upon to resolve the issue. A strong effort from the Congress to mandate the polluters to ease up for the clean-up of the greenhouse gases they produce is needed to prevent the excessive and unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions as intimately as to hasten the elimination of the gases. Investments on clean energy industries that use wind and solar function should are now strongly promoted. House holds are encouraged to implement energy efficiency practices such as driving hybrid vehicles, reducing electrical energy use at homes and manufacturing plants with energy-saving machines, and advocating public transportation use, walking and biking (National postcode Information Center). MAN-MADE GLOBAL WARMING Many scientists believe that human activity is the main driving force causing global warming. Many evidences support such claim. It was seen that although the temperature in earth started increase since the 1800, the well-nigh rapid increase has been observed in the recent decades (Environmental Protection Agency), and the increasing amount of greenhouse gases in the aviation are blamed for it. Greenhouse gases is a mixture of gaseous compounds such as body of water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), and aerosols that can fill the atmosphere to prevent infrared radiation from escaping to the space, trapping the heat and increasing the overa ll temperature of the earth (National Energy Information Center). According to World Meteorological Organization, there was most a 30% increase in the Earths atmosphere in a bridge of two decades. Its concentration increases because the mechanisms that regulate their amounts in the atmosphere become less efficient. For example, in the case of CO2, it is adjust by the carbon cycle. During pre-industrial era, despite the production of CO2 by animals, the atmospheric CO2 remained constant. However, the continuously increasing levels of CO2 were noticed since the advent of industrialization, which emit the gas by biogas burning to power the machineries. Currently, the increased electricity and transportation use, as well as continuing deforestation add onto the CO2 in the atmosphere (World Meteorological Organization). CH4 is emitted from landfills, coal mines, oil and gas operations, and agriculture, all human activities. Similar to CO2, the industrial era mark the increase of CH4. NO2, on the other hand, is released from oceans, by burning fossil fuels, fertilizer use and industrial processes. notwithstanding the relatively low amount of increase, its effects are around 300 times greater than catch amounts of CO2, because it also destroys the ozone layer that protects the earth harmful ultraviolet rays. Unfortunately, we cannot prevent the earth from heating up. This

Women and Crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women and Crime - Research Paper ExampleIndeed, the needs of men and womenparticularly in the context of the correction systemare vastly different. While the numbers of women prisoners as compared to mannish prisons stay put relatively low, rising percentages cause concern, and this fact should produce questions about whether the criminal justice system is doing plenty specifically for women. Additionally, the widespread inclusion of women in positions working within the criminal justice system shows onward motion in finding ways to include all people in the process of improving societys laws and enforcement. The criminal justice system does not provide fe staminate offenders and employees with the kind of treatment crush suited to them instead, men and women are treated as interchangeable, which leads to negative effects on women and society.The current utilize of the criminal justice system in the United States offers minimal differences in the handling of female offenders a s compared to male offenders. Nevertheless, they are often arrested for minor crimes and are subject to higher rates of physical and sexual abuse (Braithwaite, Treadwell, & Arriola, 2008). Also, women in correctional facilities are far more susceptible to mental health problems for instance, a recent study found nearly 73% of women in state prisons showed symptoms of mental health disorders, as compared to 12% of females and 8% of men in the general population (Covington, 2007).According to Braithwaite, Treadwell and Arriola (2008), women are grouped unitedly across a diverse range of different crimes. This is because women prisoner populations are significantly smaller than male populations. Therefore, women convicted of very minor crimes find themselves in the same facility as women convicted of serious crime. In contrast, male prisoners are assigned to one of many options of facility, depending on an array

Homeland Security Research Products Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Homeland Security Products - Research Paper ExampleUnderstanding the radicalization process is crucial in developing effective counter-strategies. This is because potential terrorists begin and progress through radicalization processes. Successful counter strategies can simply be achieved if the security structures identify the point where radicalization begins.The second tarradiddle is that of the part of Homeland Security call Right-wing Extremism Current economic and political climate fueling resurgence in radicalization and recruitment (U.S Department of Homeland Security, 2009). The report provides an assessment of the threat posed by homegrown extremism from right-wing groups. The report is an newsworthiness assessment that helps in facilitating a better understanding of the emergence of violent radicalization in the join States. The report lacks credible evidence that the right-wing terrorists are planning any acts of violence. However, it bases its argument on the specu lation that the extremists whitethorn be training more recruits owing to the fear related to several emergent issues i.e. the economic downswing and the election of the first African American president. To address the research question in detail, the report has think on discussing issues such as the prevailing political and economic environment, exploitation of the economic downturn, the presidential election, black immigration, and the legislative initial drivers among others.This report addresses the homegrown threat that terrorism activities pose in developed nations, for example, the United States. The study discusses the radicalization factor that promotes terrorism activities. The research is successful in the use of case studies to explain the make-up and advancement of the intentions that lead to terrorism. Use of case studies amounts to qualitative research. The case studies provided existing data and information on terrorism for the report.

This is for Human Growth and Development class (Socw) Essay

This is for Human Growth and Development class (Socw) - Essay ExampleIt proposes that environmental experience shapes private character. It is not the genetic makeup that maintains the biological fate. Two forms of aver are, therefore, proposed to influence development the internal control (genes) in nature and the external control (environment) as per nurture.Nature assumes that the development of characters that deviate from the norm is indicant of the expression of defective genes. This causes the concept of victimization and irresponsibility. In the nurture, the gene activity is linked to limitings in the conditions that whitethorn enhance the potential of inducing dysfunction or disease. The regulation and control of the environment shape an various(prenominal)s biological expression. The environment directly controls the behavior and gene activity (Lipton, 2002). The visitation to account failure to account for genetically controlled human when there are not enough genes to code proteins is cited as a drawback to gene determinism (Lipton, 2002).The proficiency of cells to maintain successful and integrated life in the absence of genes reveals that genes are not predominant in cell function. Therefore, genes cannot control biology since they are no self-emergent (Lipton, 2002). Genes cannot self-actualize and are chemically otiose to turn on or off at will. Gene expression is under the regulatory control of environmental signals that act through epigenetic mechanisms.In conclusion, genes can be regarded as expressing life but not control. Nurture seems to play a most principal role in human development compared to nature. The change in environment generates need for new

Trade and the Multinational Enterprise Coursework - 4

Trade and the Multinational Enterprise - Coursework physical exerciseMarket size and economic stability are found to be main motivations for investing. The findings provide an prospect for justification of the study hypotheses as well as future recommendations.The case study given is the German FDI in China. China is the third leading countrified beneficiary of the Foreign Direct Investment. In 2003-2004, the dry land realized the highest investment with Germany been one the countries that invested greatly in China. Since then, the trade ties between the two countries have steadily been increasing. Currently, there are more than 1500 Germany firms that have invested in China. In point of fact, Germany is the leading European country trading partner with China. Research conducted by scholars Bernard and Jensen in 2002 showed that there were approximately $ 51.7 billion of FDI in China. In 2003, foreign investment increased up to $ 53 billion (China Statistics, 2007). The country attracted $ 61 billion in 2004. From the statistics, it can be seen that the FDI index has been increasingly drastically. Furthermore, the FDI index was ranked the top position. A study conducted by the Financial Times noned that in developing states, the Republic of China is the largest foreign direct investment beneficiary country.The research explores the OLI paradigm in the context of German FDI in China. OLI is an abbreviation for Ownership, Location, and Internalization (Agarwal, Gubitz & Nunnenkamp, 2006). The third are prime bases that underlie an enterprises decision to grow in a multinational company. In the context of this paper, ownership advantages help addresses the subject of why some companies go abroad and not others. Location advantages answers the question of which is the most appropriate location to establish a firm in a foreign country. Lastly, internalization focuses on the influences of a firms operation in

Team Communication and Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Communication and worry Solving - Essay Exampleal. 1999 and Mabey et. al., 1998, amongst others) as decision makers argon unable to be objective and reasonable in the real world.The administrative or bureaucratic model questions whether managers are capable of make rational decisions (Fulop & Lindstead, 1999. p. 299) and bases decision making on the actual behavior of the decision-maker. Simon (1960, in Fulop & Lindstead, 1999308) recognises cognitive limits to human rationality and that the decision making is in all likelihood to be influenced by non-rational, emotive and unconscious elements in human thinking. Incomplete information, time limits and theme pressures are thought to limit the optimising behavior so central to the rational model (op. cite.). As a result, decision-making is the product of bounded rationality and disjointed incrementalism, which results in satisficing, where the best decision is made within the confines of imperfect information and mutual drum beater adjustment between parties. In the bureaucratic model this process is then institutionalised for future problem solving.The garbage-can model suggests that decisions are really problems looking for solutions (Fulop & Lindstead, 1999299), emphasises both the role of chance decisions and the concept of strategy as a germinate of decisions (Leonard, et. al.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Health Care Practice and Policy Essay

Ethical and Legal Issues in wellness Care Practice and Policy - Essay Examplequestion of abortion, perhaps one of the most arguable topics in the field, has always been a subject of discussion, given its complex jural and honest implications, pitting health care professionals against each other and against members of the public. Whereas it may be legal for health care practitioners to perform an abortion today, other health care professionals and members of the public still consider it un honorable to do so, thereby creating an honourable dilemma in the field (Wallace, Wiegand & Warren 1997, p.586). Apart from that, other ethical dilemmas emerge at the finish of life point, when health care professionals have to make the critical decision of switching off the life-support system machines to permit death to occur. As if that is not enough, the issues of confidentiality, patient/practitioner relationship as well as matters to do with consent as in the treatment of underage patie nts often present numerous ethical dilemmas to health care professionals (Greenwood, 2014). This paper explores the ethical and legal issues that are relevant to health care send and policy while incorporating critical application of selected theoretical perspectives applicable to ethics in health. Relevant ethical arguments and legal perspectives will be applied to a specific practice situation in quality to the adult learning theory of Knowles (1990). Eventually, this paper will explore the issue related to ethical and legal issues in health care incorporating professional body guidance (NMC code) and legal acts, as well as the views of theorists and philosophers.The term ethics has been conceptualized as amicable values, morals or principles that enable people in distinguishing between the acceptable and unacceptable social behaviour (Corning 2002, p.6) ethical values form the basis for social interaction because they are deeply entrenched in people. Health care professionals need to know ethical standards or principles and the professional

Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Example for Free

Piaget and Vygotsky EssayIn this Essay I go forth compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky. They both were influential in forming a more(prenominal) scientific approach to analyzing the cognitive processes of the child active cook upion of knowledge. They both developed their own ideas of child discipline and they believed cognitive development in children took place in stages. However they were distinguished by different styles of thinking.Piaget thought that children actively construct their own cognitive worlds and they adapt their thinking to include naked as a jaybird ideas beca accustom additional information kick upstairss understanding. He in a bad way(p) that to make sense of our world we organize our Schemata or experiences. We connect oneness idea to another. We also espouse new ideas. Adaptation is by assimilation, which occurs when individuals incorporate new information into their existing knowledge into an existing ruler of behavior of sc hemata ( suit). Piaget refers to Schemata or schemas to the way we organize our knowledge. We can think our knowledge as units and each of them colligate to aspects of the world including actions, objects etc. (referencing ) Accommodation occurs when individuals adjust to new information.Piaget thought that equilibrium occurs when is a balance in the midst of assimilation and accommodation. He believed equilibrium schema is both the category of knowledge as well as the process of acquiring that knowledge. As experiences happen and new information is displayed, new schemas are developed and disused schemas are changed or modified. An example is, say a child sees a crow and a pigeon in the sky, and is told that they are birds. The child then forms a bird schema defined as something that flies.The next day, he goes out and sees a seagull, which easily fits into his existing bird schema. This is called assimilation, when we take new experiences/knowledge and put them in our existing schemas (or categories). The next day, a child goes out and sees a plane in the sky. Whilst this fits the definition of something that flies, it seems to be quite different than the other birds he has seen, and he is told that this is not a bird. To explain this, the child forms one large category of flying things, with two sub-categories birds and planes. This process is called accommodation, where we change our existing knowledge structures to account for new information that doesnt fit.Piaget also believed that we go thought four stages in understanding the world. Each stage is age related and consist of a distinct way of thinking, a different way of understanding the world. This surmisal is known as Piagets Stage Theory because it deals with four stages of development, which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and testicle operational. ( referencing ) On the other hand, Vygotsky believed that children actively construct their knowledge.He gave affectionat e interaction and culture far more important roles in cognitive development than Piaget did. Vygotsky socio cultural cognitive theory emphasizes how cultural and social interactions turn over cognitive development. He portrayed the child development as inseparable from social and cultural activities. Vygotsky argued, accomplishment is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human mental function (1978, p. 90). In other words, social larn tends to precede development. He believed that the development of memory, attention and ratiocination involves learning to use the inventions of society, such as language, mathematical systems and memory strategies.( referencing)Piaget believed that development had to come before learning Vygotsky believed that development and learning worked together though socialization and language. Vygotsky gave language a huge role in development. For vygotsky Language plays two critical roles in cog nitive development. First language is the main means by which adults transmit information to children. Secondly, Language itself it is a very powerful tool of intellectual adaptation. Vygotsky believed that language develops from social interactions, for communication purposes. Later language ability becomes internalized as thought and inner speech. Thought is the exit of language.Piaget thought that on that point was a connection between biological and cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that knowledge from social interactions spurred cognitive growth and development.Even they had really big differences they both believed that social interactions played an irreplaceable role in cognitive development. Piaget thought that cognitive development is influenced by social transmission (learning from others). Vygotsky believed that social interactions were an instrument in development and that it heavily influenced thoughts and language.Piaget strongly considered that the developmen tal ages of students determined where they should be in the learning process. Vygotsky took that idea further by comparing the learners actual development to their potential development. He called this area of partition off of proximal development. ZPD is the range of tasks that one cannot yet perform in figureently, but can accomplish with the assistant of a more competent individual. For example, a child might not be able to walk crosswise a balance beam on her own, but she can do so while holding her mothers hand. Since children are always learning new things, the ZPD changes as new skills are acquired.Piaget stages are hierarchical. Each of Piagets stages must be complete before moving to the next one. Vygotskys theory does not depend on time. Piaget stages imply that children cognitively develop on their own, without the help of someone or something. Vygotsky concentrates more on social interactions and aide given to a child when develops. Vygotsky Scaffolding is the kind o f help, assistance and support that enables a child to do a task which they cannot quite manage yet alone and which it will help them in the future to be able to make that task or similar on their own. For example In a school laboratory science class, a teacher might provide staging by first giving students detailed guides to carrying out experiments, then giving them brief outlines that they might use to structure experiments, and finally asking them to set up experiments entirely on their own.What the child can do with assistance today she will be able to do by herself tomorrow (Vygotsky, 1978, p.87).Both these educators contributed to the present day ideas of constructivist learning. Both offer some incredible insight into possible ways children learn and byusing there theories it is possible to create a more conductive learning environment for the child.

The Unity of Heaven and Human Essay Example for Free

The wholeness of Heaven and Human EssayYour assignment is to write a paper that comp ares and contrasts the ideas of each two of the interest three philosophers Confucius (aka Kongzi), Mozi, Zhuangzi. In your comments, you should try to adopt the perspective of one of these three thinkers. For example, if you are comparing Confucius and Zhuangzi you cogency present Zhuangzis perspective on Confucius Which of his ideas are similar to your own and therefore worthy of approbation? Which ideas are different from your own and therefore reprehensible?Six different permutations are possible Confucius on Mozi Mozi on Confucius Zhuangzi on Mozi Mozi on Zhuangzi Zhuangzi on Confucius Confucius on Zhuangzi The paper should be 3 pages (typed, double-spaced, with no remarkably sized type fonts). It is due in class on Wednesday, October 16. Late papers will escape one grade step (e. g. B+ to B) immediately and an additional step every day until they are turned in. For your reference, I am putting the following books on Reserve in Hale subroutine library Vitaly Rubin, Individual and State in Ancient chinaware.Arthur Waley, Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsun Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu, translated by Burton Watson Sources of Chinese Tradition, edited by Wm. Theodore de Bary The use of these books or some(prenominal) other sources apart from assigned class readings is entirely optional. Bear in mind that if you borrow either ideas from any printed sources (including books, articles and Web sites) you should indicate your source, and if you borrow their exact words you must use quotation marks. in that location is no need, however, to cite me for somatic in your notes that is based on class lectures and discussions. For course purposes, such material is considered to be in the public domain. In citing sources, for assigned reading and any of the four books listed above its OK to use a parenthetical citation such as (Ivanhoe, p. 109) o r (Rubin, p. 25). If you cite any other sources, it would be best to provide a footnote or endnote providing full bibliographical breeding in the first instance. Please check with me if you are unsure how to proceed.

Stress and Burnout Essay Example for Free

Stress and Burnout EssayBurnout A Challenge to the Human Services Roxanne Arballo BSHS 461 University of Phoenix Those who piece of work in the Human Services field and nonprofit areas are highly vulnerable to burn out. 2010 provides larger poem of clientele, forced human service personnel overtime work hours, on-call after hours, and other schedule and work imbalances. World population numbers are escalating as the budget for the health services is on a continual decline. Causes of burnout for the human services rofessional may be individual, cultural, organizational, supervisory programy, or from lack of cordial support. According to Johnson and scar (1987), burnout refers to a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion resulting from involvement with people in emotionally demanding situations. Three study factors of burnout (Maslach, Jackson, Letter, 1996) are emotional exhaustion, a soupcon of low personal accomplishment with clients, and a sense of hypostati zation (a dehumanizing, uncaring attitude toward clients). According to Maslach Letter, burnout is the egree of dislocation between what people are and what they have to do. Effects of burnout mogul appear in the form of exhaustion, detatchment, and feelings of ineffectiveness. These results might be from the gradual process of loss during which the mismatch between the needs of the person and the demands of the Job grows ever greater. Maslach and Leiter (1997) have summarized these causes into the categories of work overload, a lack of control, insufficient rewards (from gold to joy), a breakdown in community, the absence of fairness (trust, openness, and espect), and opposed values. Previously labeled causes of burnout allow ind types of organization, supervision, social support, and culture.More recently, Maslach and Leiter (1997) summarized these causes into the categories of work overload, lack of control, insufficient rewards (from money to Joy), breakdown in community, the absence of fairness (trust, openness, and respect), and conflicting values. To forbid these various stages of burnout, included are individual, Job role, and organizational rules. Some clients might be slam-bang and Jeopardize the professionals safety. Demands for a workers time might prevent taking meal or rest breaks. travel must be taken to protect them, to the degree possible, from some of the work-related essay that can lead to burnout.Cherniss (1980) suggests that a number of positive steps can be taken to diminish organizational stress and prevent burnout. These include a change in the way Jobs are structured. Flextime, part-time work, Job sharing, new weapons platform development, and new career options might help modify the routine patterns of the human service professional and lessen likelihood of burnout. In eference to the organization, members who share a sense of excitement, strong purpose, clear goals and objectives help create antifertility measures for burnout. ensure that workers are doing meaningful work (Cherniss, 1995).Also monitored are overload with impossible demands and a feeling of decision-making autonomy appropriate for human service professionals. Support, information, and some degree of structure might be unavoidable along with feedback and an under boothing of their own importance as role models. A number of factors can stand in the way of good job performance and cause well-earned productivity to decline. These can include job-related stress and personal concerns. When it becomes a concern of the organization, it affects on-the-Job behavior.Employee assistance programs (EAPs) for workers experiencing such problems (Van Den Bergh, 1995) have been developed to include services like counseling and referrals as well as crisis management services. These programs enhance employee wellbeing, offer supervisor training, and create employee problem-solving task forces that are part of the EAPs used by an increasing number of organizations. One method l, as a student and human services worker, se to reduce personal and work-related stress is to pass on at least 10 minutes alone each day.Whether I spend this time at home, the library, or driving in the car, this alone time seems to put me in a better mood. I find that regular exercise is another way to reduce stress and prevent burnout. I chance on that the less I exercise, the higher my stress level is. I try to get outside, thank my higher(prenominal) Power for everything including the hardships that might be potential for burnout, and share the success in these measures of prevention. Due to personal changes in my life, I am taking on new esponsibilities and find it hard to adjust to these added tasks in my effortless routine.Therefore I am working to decrease stress and possible burnout through a exploitation passion and thanks for my family, future career, and faith. My belief that personal struggles are ways to learn and be a power source for o ther human services students and professionals are certain preventative measures I do and will continue to take against the threat of burnout. References Cherniss, C. (1980). Professional burnout in human service organizations. New York Praeger. Cherniss, C. (1995). beyond burnout. New York Routledge. Johnson, M. , Stone, G. L. (1987).

Bangladesh and Education Essay Example for Free

Bangladesh and cultivation render genteelness a simple word that is one of the major drivers of our planet earth. Through information citizenry consume to know who they are, where they came from and where they will be heading in the most future. facts of life is the spearhead of a party. It is because of proper study that people get to know about the diversity of this unpredictable world. upbringing forges the lives of those who get it. Education is one of the Copernican factors that affect the quality and the means of leading a prosperous life. Bangladesh was expound as one of the poorest countries of this world after the libe symmetryn war in 1971. It had gone through acidulated phases of floods, droughts, cyclones, famines and some other natural calamities and at redeem one of the worlds most crowded countries quiet remains well be pocket-sized the poverty line and as a precede most of the race is still illiterate. Education still and al slipway will remain an important form of social expectant in this world.Education fosters innovation, contri just nowes to the economic growth of a country and likewise maturations the efficiency, effectivity and productivity of wholly the individuals who get the light of raising. The world Bank (WB) approved generous amount of loans in the new-fangled bypast to promote and purify the commandment sector of Bangladesh. However, the government and the NGOs are playing an active role in the development shape by educating the mass population of Bangladesh and the whole course of action mainly sharpen their vision on the kidren and women.In Bangladesh the rearingal process is so slow and weak that the development process has become sluggish. OBJECTIVE Education system in Bangladesh is three-tiered and amplyly subsidized and the Bangladesh government operates galore(postnominal) pedagogy institution in the main(a), secary and high junior-grade levels. Through the University Grants Commis sion, the government funds more(prenominal) than 35 state universities in the tertiary nurture sector. Bangladesh emphasizes on the education For all(prenominal) (EFA) objectives, Millennium Development closing (MDG) and the Inter terra firmaal Declarations.According to the articles 15 and 17 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, every citizen has the right to education and every children among the ages of 6-18 should receive elemental and secondary education free of charge. The government should provide the underprivileged children with free books and education free of cost. METHODOLOGY As we are the students of RS, we were unable to go outside to meet with people and occupy interviews with them. So, to gather our information and data, we had to go though different forums, journals, books and different websites. HISTORY OF precept.From 1971 our education system started offici all(prenominal)y. At the beginning of the education system in Bangladesh the follow of schools and un iversities were very poor. There were alone 6 unexclusive universities in 1971. But now the numbers of universities are wobble magnitude. Now the numbers of direct schools are near about 76000. The great point system started from 2000 and the JSC and JDC education system was started from 2010. In recent eld Bangladesh has pick out various strategies to organise the general people mainly the children. In education sector BRACs parting is bigger. Sir Fazle Hassan Abed founded BRAC School at 1972.In the history of education BRAC played an important role . EDUCATION SYSTEM AFTER LIBERATION After the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971, the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh became an independent nation free to choose its own educational destiny. As Bangladesh was, and still is, a secular state, many forms of education were permitted to co-exist. The formidable British system was, and still is, largely practiced. In fact, presently, the Bangladeshi system of education is divided up into three different branches. Students are free to choose anyone of them provided that they consent the means.These branches are The face Medium English medium schools are mainly closed-door and thus reserved for the wealthy class. After three historic period of pre-school, students must successfully pass through ten grades to be eligible for writing the Ordinary take Exams, besides called the O-levels. Then after one more yr of studies, students can indite the Advanced Level (A-Level) Exams. The Bengali Medium the Bengali Medium, which is offered by the government. In the Bengali Medium, all the courses are offered in Bengali with the exception of English courses and the Religious course.The tuition fee is minimal compared to English schools but they still turn largely among schools. After three days of pre-school, students in the Bengali medium do phoebe bird eld of pristine school. Then they move to high school for grade five to grade ten. At the end of the tent h grade, they appear for their SSC (Secondary School Certificate) exam. Afterwards, they move on to two years of college following which they nominate to economize for the HSC (Higher School Certificate) exam. The Religious Branch Bangladesh is a very poor country with cardinals of al-Qaedaless children.To educate these children, there are religious institutions called Madrashas where these children are sheltered, fed and taught the ways of Islam by priests. These children learn the scripts from the Koran and the fastness prayers. Literacy situation in Bangladesh Period Census The 1974 number defined literacy as the ability to read and publish in any language. This definition was in conformity with the UNESCO one accepted throughout the world. The definition of literacy employ in the 1981 census covered only persons of age 5 years and above and included those who could write a letter in any language.The 1991 census also defined literacy as the ability to write a letter in any language but covered persons of age 7 years and above. The effect of change in definition of literate has been reflected in the literacy rates of different census years. step-up in Literacy Literacy rate among people of all ages rose from 17% in 1961 to 24. 9% in census year 1991. For the 7 years and above age group, the literacy rate increased from 26. 8% in 1974 to 32. 4% in 1991. In all census periods, the literacy rates were high among the masculines than among the females.The female literacy rate, however, rose significantly in the 1991 census. It was 16. 4% in 1974 and 25. 5% in 1991. Urban rural variation in literacy rate is also quite evident in all census periods. Literacy rates in urban areas are higher than in rural areas in all census periods. Adult literacy Adult literacy rate for population 15 and above is defined as the ratio among the literate population of the age 15 years and over to the aggregate population of the same age expressed in portionage. This rate for both sexes was 25. 9% in the 1974 census and 29.2% in the 1981 census. In the 1991 census the rate was 35. 3%. In all census periods, male braggy literacy rate was higher than the female. Educated braggys come to the urban areas for best body of work and education. As a result, the adult literacy level of urban population is much higher than that of their rural counterparts in all census years. However, the crack between urban-rural literacy rate narrowed in 1991, as did the gap between the male and female population. This is due to rural peoples increasing participation in education in recent times.Steps of Bangladesh after Liberation towards development of education The independence of Bangladesh generated a new enthusiasm in both government and private level in efforts to expand literacy and remove illiteracy. The Bangladesh Constitution of 1972 provides the basis for a insurance policy on universal basal quill education. The policy has three components establish ing a uniform mass orient and universal system of education extending free and compulsory education to all children and relating education to the demand of society and removing illiteracy.Keeping in view the constitutional directives, Bangladesh committed itself to implement the recommendations of The World Conference on Education for All (1990), The World Summit on Children (1990) and The Summit Declaration on Education for All (1993). old Education of Bangladesh primitive education was recognised as the foundation of preparing literate citizens of the country in all national documents, reports of the commissions, and committees on education. But this stage of education got a momentum only after the commandment of the Compulsory capital Education Law of 1990.Compulsory primary education under this Act was introduced in 1992 in 68 thanas, and all over the country in 1993. Measures such as satellite schools, union schools, and regimen for Education Programme were taken up to increase introducement and decrease dropout. The new primary curriculum based on terminal competencies was implemented in 1992. These steps resulted in some improvements in various efficiency indicators of primary education such as in gross enrolment ratio and the completion rate and raised the participation of girls in primary education.In addition to state intervention, from the second half of 1980s, the government allowed NGOs to experiment with a variety of delivery mechanisms to cater to the basic educational deprivations of the disadvantaged population. Role of BRAC BRAC launched its education plan in 1985 with 22 one-room primary schools following non-formal approach. The goal of the BRAC Education Programme is to make a significant contribution to the achievement of education for all in Bangladesh.The BRAC Education Programme is mainly focusing on increase approach path of basic education in unreachable and underserved population improve quality in formal education sys tem support the government in achieving Millennium Development Goal 2 Education for All by 2015 ? In sheer size, BRAC operates the largest private school system in the world 1. 1 one meg million students (70% of them are girls) are enrolled at present in 37,000 BRAC schools that provide four years of non formal primary education. So far, almost 5 million children have already graduated from primary school and got their basic education from these schools and close to 95% enrol to secondary schools.Education Programme Primary School Operations Primary Schools Currently running24,398 Current Students0. 75 mil Graduates4. 95 mil Cost per Child per YearUSD 32 Schools for Indigenous Children2,441 Pre-Primary Schools Currently Running13,054 Current Students0. 36 mil Graduates4. 33 mil The Five Year platform(s) According to the Report of Bangladesh Education Commission of 1974, the number of adult men and women illiterates in the country at the time of independence was 35 million. The Report recommended sufferance of non-formal and mass education programmes for them.Accordingly, the First Five-Year designing (1973-78) launched a massive functional literacy programme through non-formal education and allocated Tk 400 million for this subsector. The Second Five-Year Plan (1980-85) attached high priority to eradication of mass illiteracy. In the Third Five-Year Plan (1985-90) the programme was revived with an allocation of Tk 250 million and a modest post of devising 2. 4 million adults literate by June 1990. Information from the office of the Integrated Non-Formal Education (INFE) project (former MEP Office) luff that only 27 upazilas were covered in this project out of a target of 71 upazilas.A tot of 291,600 adults were made literate in five years. In the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1990-95) Tk 235. 70 million was allocated. During the Plan period MEP was continued as a spillover under the project and total of 367,660 adult illiterates of 11-45 years age were mad e literate. The programme was implemented in 68 thanas of the country. Moreover, under the aegis of the district formation a programme named Total Literacy Movement (TLM) was started in 1995 in Lalmonirhat and Bhola districts. It was by and by extended to 15 other districts. Preparatory work is now under way to extend TLM to 22 more districts.The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) adopted an ambitious objective to achieve the goal of Education for All (EFA) by the end of Plan period 2002. The major objectives are to increase gross enrolment in primary schools to 110 percent (net 95%) with particular emphasis on enrolment of girls and on increasing completion rate of primary education to at least 75 percent by the year 2002. The Fifth Plan also set up some important objectives of mass education consistent with the overall objectives of achieving the goal of EFA and fulfilling the educational needs of 30 million adult illiterates.These objectives are to increase literacy rate of adult s (15 years and above) to 80% by the year 2002, to empower learners with technical acquisitions, entrepreneurial traits and leadership skills, to empower skills link to literacy, numeracy and communication, to reduce gender gap in literacy rates in both rural and urban areas, and to develop continuing education programme for neo-literates. ? BANGLADESH, EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS OF 2005 ? BASIC EDUCATION STATISTICS, 2010 Number of Institution, Enrolment and Teacher in Post-Primary and Primary by precaution and sex, 2010 Type of SchoolManage.mentInstitutionTeacherStudentIndicators TotalTotalFem. % FemTotalGirl% GirlTSRSPITPI Primary School EducationPublic3767218145510543158. 109885697506116551. 20542625 Private4 d21995026812834. 157018849347542149. 52351564 Total8267438095717355945. 5616904546853658650. 50442045 Secondary School EducationPrivate187232107804791722. 737240497387315753. 493438711 Public3177231241733. 4322527710651947. 283171123 Total190402180115033423. 09746577439796765 3. 313439211 College EducationPrivate3068773201626521. 04150516671642347. 601949125 Public2569900231023. 3388910935852340. 3290347339.Total3324872201857521. 302394275107494644. 902772026 Madrasah EducationPublic310400. 0060642313. 8158202135 Private93581077431091110. 132194863116742753. 192023512 TOTAL93611078471091110. 122200927116765853. 052023512 University EducationPublic319163165618. 072629418198831. 18298482296 Private515710170129. 792009394912524. 45353940112 Total8214873335722. 5746388013111328. 26315657181 Technical Vocational EduPublic251401554213. 501338971799913. 443353316 Private259711286270823. 993140307052122. 46281214 Total284822455461120. 5344792710258122. 90201578 ProfessionalPublic70179548627.0819120935748. 941127326 Private214312345014. 41508231451628. 561623715 Total284491893619. 03699432387334. 131424617 Teacher EducationPublic90103927526. 4717663 carbon5856. 941719612 Private9283025530. 728613243728. 2910949 Total182186953028. 36262761249547. 551414410 All (P ost-primary)Public101833247768623. 12155407158467537. 6247152733 Private341034167928020719. 2411514931589360651. 182833812 Total351214500398789319. 5313069002647828149. 572937213 All (Primary + Post-primary)Public3869021470211311752. 6911439768564584049. 35532966 Private7910561629414833524. 0718533780936902750. 55302348Total11779583099626145231. 46299735481501486750. 09362547 COMPARISON OF EDUCATION AID AND SPENDING OVER THE PERIOD 1980-2008 Figure 5 shows the increasing gap between education aid and government spending. The 1980s illustrate the small gap between aid and spending, which began to increase over time. From 2006 onwards, education aid began to decline and government spending increased. This reflects the relatively low and declining residue of aid in total education spending. ? TOTAL elemental STUDENT ENROLMENT (1985-2005) monetary Year Primary student enrolment (millions) 1985 10. 08 1986 10.78 1987 11. 26 1988 11. 76 1989 11. 77 1990 12. 34 1991 13. 03 1992 13. 72 1 993 14. 2 1994 15. 19 1995 16. 43 1996 17. 07 1997 17. 32 1998 17. 63 1999 19. 61 2000 17. 67 2001 17. 66 2002 17. 56 2003 18. 43 2004 17. 95 2005 16. 23 PRIMARY ENROLMENT Source Ministry of Education, Bangladesh PROGRESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL readjustment RATE SINCE 2000 One of the key EFA goals is to ensure gender parity in education by 2015 contrasted most South Asian neighboring countries, Bangladesh has already achieved gender parity in primary and secondary education. The GER and NER for girls have increased from 87.7 percent and 63. 9 percent to about 88. 4 percent and 67. 4 percent respectively within 2000-05. About 16. 2 million students are currently enrolled in primary schools in Bangladesh, of which about 8 million are girls In an effort to promote the education of the poor, the pickle has been diligent over the past ten years into demand side interventions such as the Food for Education Program (FFE) and the primary stipend program. PROGRESS IN ADULT LITERACY RATE SINCE 2000 According to HIES 2005, Bangladesh is estimated to have about 41. 5 million people aged 15 or more who are illiterate.Considering the intent of poverty and the prevailing high illiteracy rate (about 54 percent in 2000), the GoB gives high priority to non-formal education through basic and post-literacy programs and continuing education. The government also recognizes that the literacy and numeracy skills can help improve the income and welfare status of the poor. Literacy and social mobilization programs have contributed to raising the national literacy rate from 45. 6% to 52. 7% between 2000 and 2005. Bangladesh is potential to meet the EFA target of a 50 percent increase in adult literacy by 2015 if the annual growth rate of literacy rate exceeds 4 percent.The literacy and social mobilization programs are likely to have contributed to raising the national literacy rate from 45. 6 percent to 52. 7 percent between 2000 and 2005 (cf. HIES 2000 2005). In particular female lite racy rate has gone up by almost 9 luck points compared to male literacy rate which only records a 5 percentage point increase. Furthermore, the number of illiterates aged 15 to 30 has decreased from about 15 million to 11. 8 million between 2000 and 2005. Although Rural areas appear to be still lagging behind urban areas. ? PROGRESS IN PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE SINCE 2000OVERVIEW OF THE PRIMARY EDUCATION AND ADULT EDUCATION Bangladesh sustains one of the largest primary education systems in the world with as many as 80,401 primary institutions of 10 different kinds namely, GPS, RNGPS, NRNGPS, experimental schools, community schools, kindergartens, NGO schools, ebtedaee madrashas, primary sections of high madrashas, primary sections of high schools. According to the School Survey Report 2008, GPS, RNGPS, Experimental and community schools constitute 75% of the total institutions. These four categories of institutions are providing primary education to 81.9% of the total primary school enrolled children of over 16. 3 million. The proportions of boys and girls enrolled at the primary level are 49. 3% and 50. 7% respectively. A total of 364494 teachers are engaged in primary teaching in all the ten categories of institutions comprising 40. 4% female and 59. 6% male. The proportion of female teachers in GPS, RNGPS, PTI and community schools is 50. 2%, 32. 2%, 39. 0% and 73. 6% respectively and the pupilteacher ratio is 51. 4, 44. 7, 48. 1 and 43. 35 respectively. NGOs in the country have been making significant contribution to the education sector.About 500 NGOs are currently running 48,855 learning centers for providing primary education to 10,24,495 females and 6,06,802 males in the country (CAMPE, 2007). A total of 518 NGOs have been engaged in education programs of which more than 450 have adult literacy programs integrated into NFE. The NGOs are providing adult education to 1,19,277 females and 26,193 males through 6,574 learning centers (CAMPE, 2007). However, some of the major NGOs in the country offering adult education are BRAC, Proshika, Dhaka Ahsania Mission, FIVDB, Action Aid, Swanirvar Bangladesh.BRAC has been the largest NGO in the country operating the largest non-formal education program. It runs 34000 NFPE schools serving 1. 02 million un-enrolled and drop out children of the marginal families. RELATE WITH MDG The Government of Bangladesh has made commitment in the World Education Forum held at capital of Senegal, Senegal in April 2000, towards achievement of Education for All goals and every citizen by the year 2015. The World Education Forum adopted six major goals for education, two of which also became Millennium Development Goals later in the same year.The Dakar goals covered the attainment of Universal Primary Education (UPE) and gender equality, improve literacy and educational quality, and increasing life-skills and early childhood education programs, and were to be achieved within 15 years (EFA worldwide Monitoring Report, 200528) However, the gender goal was judged to be particularly urgent requiring the achievement of parity in enrolments for girls and boys at primary and secondary levels by 2005, and of full equality throughout education by 2015.The Millennium proclamation of the United Nations adopted on 8 September 2000 by all member states in the millennium Summit gave birth to eight goals to be achieved by 2015 (UN, 20053). Besides the eight goals, there are 18 targets and 48 indicators in the MDGs. All these Aaspects are pertinent to combat poverty, hunger, illiteracy, diseases, inequality between man and woman, baby mortality, maternal mortality, environmental degradation and improving global partnership for development.The second Goal has designated universal primary education that emphasizes the implicit objective of equal education for boys and girls alike and to be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Bangladesh is committed to achieve the MDGs and the goals are included in the countries first destitution Reduction Strategy Paper. By May 2005, the government developed Unlocking the Potential National Strategy for speed up Poverty Reduction (PRSP).It takes a rights-based approach and identifies four strategic objectives creating opportunity towards realizing the full potential of children i. e. access to health, nutrition, education, water and sanitation ensuring the best interests of children in national, social, family and personal situations i. e. empowerment of children ensuring safety and security at home and in the public space i. e. protection against abuse, exploitation and violence and establishing and protecting childrens rights i. e. social inclusion, sightly work and livelihood.PRSP goal is to introduce and strengthen early childhood and pre-school education introduce a merge and common primary education opportunity for all children improve quality of primary education 100% enrolment, and raise all other targets to achieve q uality and completion in primary education increase literacy rate to 80% and expand the scope of NFE beyond the literacy to reach out to the extreme poor and in remote areas (PRSP, 200550-51). In summing up the discussion it can be said that Bangladesh has been improving in primary education significantly since independence.Though primary education has been given priority from the emergence of the country but some dramatic changes has been noticed in the 1990s. This decade saw a renewed dedication to the magnification of primary education, and consequently primary education experienced significant enhancement during the period. In 1990, in a major policy direction Bangladesh made commitment to international compliance and as a result WCEFA came into being. Similar major international initiatives were taken in 2000.World Education Forum at Dakar and the UN Millennium conference at New York, fixed various targets and goals, named as MDGs. As a signer country, Bangladesh is now commi tted to attain these targets by 2015. Currently primary education in Bangladesh is on target of achieving the second MDGs phase and it is a matter of concern Number of Students Enrolled in Primary Schools and Percentage of Boys and Girls *percentage of boys and girls students in primary schiools (1991-2009) Number of Students % of Students YearTotalBoysGirlsBoysGirls199112,635,4196,910,0925,725,32754. 745. 3 199213,017,2677,048,5425,968,72554. 245. 8 199314,067,3327,525,8626,541,47053. 546. 5 199415,180,6808,048,1177,132,56353. 047. 0 199517,284,1579,094,4898,189,66852. 647. 4 199617,580,4169,219,3588,361,05852. 447. 6 199718,031,6739,364,8998,666,77451. 948. 1 199818,360,6429,576,9428,783,70052. 247. 8 199917,621,7319,065,0198,556,71251. 448. 6 200017,667,9859,032,6988,635,28751. 148. 9 200117,659,2208,989,7958,669,42551. 049. 0 200217,561,8288,841,6488,720,18050. 349. 7 200318,431,3209,358,7579,072,56350.849. 2 200417,953,3009,046,4338,906,86750. 449. 6 200516,225,6588,091,2218,13 4,43749. 8750. 13 200616,385,8478,129,3148,256,53349. 650. 4 200716,312,9078,035,3538,277,55449. 350. 7 200816,001,6057,919,8378,081,76849. 4950. 51 200916,539,3638,241,0268,298,33749. 8350. 17 Statictis of primary schools in Bangladesh(1996-2009) YEARInstitution GPSEXPRNGPSCOMM* SATTHSAPSNGPSKGEb. Mad- rashaHMAPSNGOTotal 1996377105219683275920027593963143494992759-80818 19973771052195291962104212923472154582312850-77685 19983771053196582989282215823177169171732948-79803199937709531955331072945123026321940640432531478840 200037677531925330613884122021262296371034379276809 2001376715319428326840951576197124773843357417078126 2002376715319428322548231576179224773443357430178363 2003376715319428326048231618167030886581820034586737 20043767154198143218-1283169937456723821444782868 20053767254196823027-135394622816768*832928980401 20063767254199993192-1314114026656726892033882020 20073767254201073186-131497322536726892022981434 20083767254200833263-157196629876744923340882981 20093767255 200612991-95981927446744923323081508GPS- Government Primary School, RNGPS- Registered Non Government Primary School, NGPS- Non Government Primary School, EXP- PTI attached Experimental School, KG- Kinder Garden, HSAPS- High School Attached Primary Schools, HMAPS- High Madrasa Attached Primary School, * SATT Sattilite Schools which are closed from 2004 . CHALLENGES Quality of teachers Teachers poor academic quality and low strength is a serious problem for students educational attainment. Rahman attempted to establish a indite of the primary school teachers by interviewing some 500 teachers.He found that most of the teachers have only the SSC/HSC examination in the third division (Rahman, 198632). This poor quality of teachers academic competencies results in in potent teaching. Fund Lack of funding is a big problem. The government and donors try to invest more in education sector to achieve the goals of education for all. Quality of education Bangladesh has a significant impa rt in achieving some goals of education for all but it needs to focus on the quality of education and early childhood development. Coaching centers some coaching centers are very much expensive.It helps to decrease childs creativity because students found readymade notes there and they dont need to work for it. Students politics when students get into in politics, they can not concentrate their studies. They will very much busy with political activities earlier than their study because they are given money to do this. Lack of consistency Dhaka, Jan 2 (BDNEWS) Countries leading educationists Monday demanded cancellation of the proposed interconnected education, which was postponed earlier, and introduction of a genuine unified education based on equality, and scientific and secular idea at secondary level.RECOMMENDATION 1. Inclusion of legal education in governments policy priorities, and to undertake concrete steps to improve its quality. 2. Formation of a Council of Legal Ed ucation for overall control, observe and supervision of legal education in Bangladesh. The Council will exercise its functions in collaboration with the Bar Council and the University Grants Commission. unavoidable legal philosophy is to be enacted for the formation of the Council, which would also entail amendment of the Bangladesh Legal Practitioners and Bar Council Order 1972, in so far as it concerns legal education.3. To form legal education committee in the University Grants Commission consisting of the representatives of the faithfulness schools, and with this end in view to make essential amendments in the University Grants Commission Order, 1972 and the relevant rules. 4. Provision for extra vocational course up to one year for justness graduates as prequalification for appearing at the arrest examination. How this course would be designed and run would be determined by the proposed Council of Legal Education. 5.Rational combine of academic and vocational character of legal education to make sure jurisprudence graduates acquire knowledge, skill and competency for legal practice as well as law related general services. It is necessary to provide for more practical methods of teaching law i. e. Socratic method, problem method, case study, moot greet and mock trial, clinical legal education etc. 6. Promotion of inter-disciplinary approach to curriculum to help students better understand the societal problems.Subjects like national history, economics, political science, sociology, logic etc could be included in the law curriculum. 7. Inclusion of new law courses (subjects) in the curriculum to respond to the needs of fresh economy, ICT and globalisation. Subjects such as corporate law, international economic law, e-commerce, intellectual property law, environmental law, medical jurisprudence need to be included. 8. To include in the curriculum separate courses on ADR, legal ethics, research, drafting and conveyancing. 9.Need for emphasising tra nsnational aspects of law to include more subjects on public and private international law and comparative law. 10. To enhance gracious rights and gender sensibility of legal education. Separate papers on these issues are suggested to be included in the syllabus 11. Narrowing down the gap between college legal education and university legal education by including more subjects in college curriculum and extending its duration. 12. Introduction of clinical legal education which means learning law by providing legal services to the community.Students need to be involved in various ADR activities where they will be exposed to real life situations and get opportunities to apply their knowledge of law as well as be sensitised to the rights of the marginalised sections of the community. 13. Immediate need for massive reforms and overhauling of college legal education by (a)extension of duration of courses from subsisting two years to three years with emphasis on practical courses in the final year (b)introduction of admission tests (c)limiting number of seats for admission (d)mandatory appointment of full time teachers(e)provision for government financial supporter (f)provision for adequate infrastructural facilities like class-rooms, library, books, computers etc (g)provision for effective supervision of the colleges. 14. Establishment of government sponsored model law college to set the norms and standards of modern legal education. 15. Evaluation and examination of students by problem oriented questions. 16. Introduction of basic legal education at SSC and HSC levels as a part of general legal awareness, and as a stage of prequalification for higher studies in law.Ministry of Education is to provide necessary directives and frame rules to incorporate fundamentals of law of the land in SSC and HSC curriculum. 17. To preserve the present bilingual character of medium of instruction for law with an emphasis on effective learning of English. 18. To provide for ins titutional accountability of teachers, and their evaluation by the students. Details of the procedures of accountability and evaluation would need to be worked out. 19. Provision for training of the teachers. 20.Besides legal profession of a lawyer and a judge, to clear more diversified professional job opportunities for the law graduates in various government and non-government departments. One of the ways to do it is to create by competitive examination BCS cadre service(legal) for law graduates to perform law related works in various government and autonomous bodies. CONCLUSION Bangladeshs education system has deeply fix links to the English language over many centuries. This has made English the de facto second language.Whats more important though, English is the primary language of trade and commerce here, which makes Bangladesh a very attractive destination for software program and IT services off shoring. And now the government also has been taking some steps for the bette rment of the educational system of Bangladesh. People are also concerned now unlike the previous dates. The people and the two-year-old generations should come forward along with the government on this purpose. We should remember one thing that we need to change for the development.

Resembling peace Essay Example for Free

Resembling peace EssayIn the smart Heart of tincture by Joseph Conrad the author condemns the colonization of the Europeans on the African islands of Congo, eminently focusing on the barbarous and cold-blooded treatment of the natives. In this transit though, the central character Marlow narrates to the former(a) men on his ship somewhat his perspective of the experience he had when he went up the river Congo passing through the wild jungle in order to reach the inner station. The tone throughout the passage suggests a negative connotation of the wilderness of Congo because of the choice of words Marlow uses to describe the jungle. Phrases such as unrestful and the noisy innovation of plants portraits the jungle as be quite sinister instead of peaceful and quiet as the readers would expect it to be. This passage is a composition of fables, allegory, symbolism, dark and light contrast and hyperbole which Marlow uses abundantly to describe his journey. Marlow comp atomic number 18s going up the river as creation like traveling back to the earliest beginning of the world. (1) He uses a simile to describe the jungle as beingness how the world was earlier forward the technology and civilization was born, when the world was pure as it was when it was created by nature.But then he plows the remark by saying when plant life rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings. Marlow paints this picture as the wilderness having the ability to fight against each other and when there was power amid the trees. He uses the word king to describe the variation of power between the trees much like how the Europeans were being superior by trying to civilize the natives through brutal means. Marlow adds to the exposition of the jungle as having a great silence. (2) The phrase silence is inserted in his description to give a contrast of whats happening inside the jungle.Inside the jungle, in the inner station, it has been said that Kurtz uses unconventional me thods to obtain the pearl he makes. This suggests that Kurtz is probably using violence or manipulations which are contrasts of silence. More ever, as Marlows journey return key further and further into the jungle and closer to the inner station, Marlows streamer gets attacked by the natives. Moments before they are being attacked, Marlow describes to have heard voices crying wildly coming from the jungle.The diction silence not only is a contrast of what is happening inside the jungle, it is also a contrast of a future scene where they are being attacked. Marlow further describes the river as being facile to get lost in as you would in a desert. This phrase shows that Marlow is confused as to his purpose in this voyage, why he wanted to interject on this journey and what he was expecting to find. This phrase also indicates that Marlow perceives the river to be mysterious and that is one of the qualities of the river that urge him to continue his journey because of his curiousn ess.Later in the passage, Marlow indicates that the river as this stillness of life which did not in the least tally peace. (9) This description of the river as not resembling peace connects directly to the journey that Marlow has been traveling in. Ever since Marlow decided to pick out on this voyage, he has been uncertain as to whom he really is and what he wants to do or what motivation to be done. Marlow has strong opinions about the Europeans as being fools, devils, and folly, for not knowing what they are doing. Not for being racists or discrimination of the natives as they are being tied up and worked to death.Marlow considers him self as being not especially tender towards the Africans which contradicts to what he has been saying all along through out the novel as Africans as not being our enemies. This passage describes the wildness and the sinister appeal of the river and the wilderness which is a comparison to the mind of Marlow. Inside his head, Marlow is confused, u nrestful, and not in the least resembling peace. This journey takes Marlow to the places he has never been before in order to find himself inside.

Outline Muslim teachings on wealth and poverty Essay Example for Free

Outline Muslim teachings on wealth and poverty Es differentiatePoverty a state of beingness poor the status of having no currency to shit care of yourself and the basic needs of life such as, food, clothing and housing. Muslims cogitates poverty to be as a test to opuskind form god. There are different types of evil and deplorable which make poverty such as? Moral evil ? actions d unity by humans which cause suffering.?Natural evil ? things which cause suffering but have nonhing to do with humans e.g. earthquakes. (I make up explain it in the stick toing paragraphs)When god created the earth he in addition do a being called Adam (pbuh) to take care of it, every last(predicate)ah order the angles to bow down to Adam (pbuh) (humans are superior to the angles as they have unloose ordain-which is why they support be vice-regents- but they are deficient because their free ordain factor they can sin) mode they can sin) all Angels notwith stand unmatched ignorant Sa tan (iblis) refuse to follow Allahs commands to bow down to Adam so Allah rejected him and throw him out of the heavens. However Allah allowed Satan to do mischief and disrupt mankind form fearing Allah until the last day then Satan shall be displace to hell and those who were tempted by his evil shall follow him into the fire. Muslims believe that suffering is a test from god. But if on that point faith stays strong and they lead a proper and devote themselves to Allah they shall rewarded with eternity paradise.be original we shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in easilys or lives or the fruits of your toil, but give delightful tidings to those who patiently persevere calamity, to god we be longsighted and to him shall we returnMuslims believe that the representation to succeed and race the test is to cooperate those who suffer such as the floods in Bangladesh through Muslim charities such as Muslim hands, Islamic relief e.c.t.The count onr M uhammad (pbuh) has utter Poverty can lead to Kuffar (ungratefulness). This is because a deprive human being may feel that his Lord is being un hardly on him, but a human being can non understand that this life is a test from Allah and the real life is the life hereafter.What does Islam interpret about Zakat CharityWealth in the English dictionary is defined as, having huge sum of m atomic number 53y or possession, easyes, state of being well off. In Islam whatever wealth you posses is regarded as a dedicate from Allah (God). You are not free to do what you want with your wealth, as you will be accounted for how you release it. Islam teaches that wealth is something ef forwardery by god for the benefit of humanity and there for it should be shared.Then (on the day of judgement) you will certainly be questi whizzd about all the favours you enjoyed. (1028)According to Islam, the wealth you posses does not show your superiority, neither or nor does it give you distinction or mak e you a part of honoured class. The unrivaled who posses the riches of Faith is the angiotensin-converting enzyme who is wealthiest in the sight of Allah, not the one who posses material riches. Islam says that there is nothing wrong to posses wealth, as long as you earn it in the fair(a) wing (halal/lawful) way and discharge it in the right (halal/lawful) way.Islam has given road map for the ways of life which principal(prenominal)ly concentrates on the earning and use of wealth. Earning and sp blockadeing is essential for living, but we do not live wholly for this. We have a greater purpose in life. E precisething in Islam is for the benefit of mankind. The main principle of Islam aim to establishing a precisely society wherein bothbody will behave responsibly and honestly, and not as cunning wad who fight for as big share of something as possible without regard for honesty, righteousness and responsibility. Islam has given rules for earning wealth which all Muslims shou ld abide by. Muslims must follow the record book and the hadith1) every hire from the production, sale and distribution of alcoholic drinks are unlawful, as are earnings from gambling, lotteries and from inte slumber (riba) transactions (590-91, 2275).2) Earning by falsehood, deceit, fraud, theft, robbery and burglary is unlawful. Deceitful acquisition of orphans property has been particularly banned ( 2188, 42, 6152, 785, 831-5).3) Smuggling and the artificial creation of shortages are unlawful (3180, 934-35)4) Earning from brothels and from such separate practises which are harmful to society are in any case unlawful.Islam strikes to the root of evil and wants to establish a just and fair society. A Muslim must earn his living in halal ways and he should always bear in mind that what ever he does, it is known to Allah. He will be accountable for his actions on the day of judgement. He cannot hide some(prenominal)thing from Almighty Allah.Unlawful outgoings are excessively no t allowed in Islam. It does not at all benefit a Muslim to spend money irresponsibly. Over-spending and shove off are strongly discouraged (731, 1726, 1927, 2568)What is ZakatZakah (welfare contribution) is the third pillar of Islam. The Arabic sacred scripture Zakah means to purify or cleanse. Zakah is to be paid once a year on nest egg at the rate of deuce and a half percent. This rate applies to cash, bank savings, gold and silver and silver jewellery. The rate for cattle and agricultural produce is different. Payment of Zakah is a means of stay oning our wealth white of greed and selfishness.SCHEDULE OF ZAKAHWealth on which zakah is payableAmount which determines the payment of zakah (nisab)Rate of zakah1 sylvan produce5 Awsuq (653 kg) per harvest *5 per cent produce in case of irrigated land 10 per cent of produce from rain-fed land.2 Gold, silver, ornaments of gold and silver of gold and silver85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver *2.5 per cent of place3 Cash in hand or at the entrustValue of 595 grams of silver *2.5 per cent of amount4 Trading goodsValue of 595 grams of silver *2.5 per cent rate of goods5 Cows and buffaloes30 in numbersFor every 30, one- year old for every 40, one 2- year old6 Goats and sheep40 in numberOne for first 40 dickens for 120 there for 300 one more for every 1007 Produce of minesAny quantitiesPer cent of value of produce8 Camels5 in numberA up to 24, one sheep or goat for each five camelsB 25-35, one 1-year-old she-camelC 36-45, one 2-year-oldshe-camelD 46-60, one 3-year-oldshe-camelE 61-75, 4-year-old she-camelF 76-90, two 2-year-old she-camelG 91-120, two 3-year-old she-camelH 121 or more, one 2-year-old she-camel for each extra 40, or one 3-year-old she-camel for each additional 50* Fiqhuz zakahIt also encourages us to be honest in our dealings, earnings and outgoings (spending money). Zakah is a compulsory act in Islam it is not beneficence or tax. Charity is elective and taxes are used by states for any pu rpose, but zakah is only allowed to be spent in certain places such as aid the poor, even for needy or travellers in need and for the cause of Allah. Zakah is a form of ibadah. Ibadah (Arabic) the word meaning worship or obedience. It can be done in any activity in life, if they it is done to please Allah and Allah alone. We all so pay zakah to gain Allahs favour. Zakah is a way of contributing our excess wealth with those who are less felicitous then our selves. Truly we our selves do not own the wealth it belongs to Allah. He is the real owner of the wealth and mankind, we have to fulfil Allahs commands by compensable zakah as an obligatory it is a part of ibadah. Zakah is a basic principle of Islam, based on societal welfare and the fair distribution of wealth. In addition to zakah, Muslim are encouraged in the Quran to make voluntary contributions to help the poor and needy, and for otherwise social purposes. These voluntary contributions are called Sadaqa ( charity). Throu gh zakah, rich share their wealth with the poor.Zakaah al-FitrZakaah al-Fitr is the name given to charity, which is distributed at the end of the fast of Ramadan. Zakaah al-Fitr is a duty, which is Waajib on every Muslim, whether male or female, minor or adult as long as he/she has the means to do so.Ibn Umar reported, that the seer (sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) made Zakaah al-Fitr compulsory on every slave, freeman, male, female, young and old among the Muslims one Saa of desiccate dates or one Saa of barely.The head of the household may pay the infallible amount for the other segments. The significant role played by Zakaah in the circulation of wealth within the Islamic society is also played by the Zakaah al-Fitr. However, in the case of Zakaah al-Fitr, each individual is required to calculate how much charity is due from himself and his dependents and go into the community in order to find those who deserve such charity. Thus, Zakaah al-Fitr plays a very of import role in the development of the bonds of community.The rich are obliged to come in acquire contact with the poor, and the poor are put in contact with the extremely poor. This contact between the non-homogeneous levels of society helps to build real bonds of brotherhood and love within the Islamic community and trains those who have, to be freehanded to those who do not have. The main purpose of Zakaah al-Fitr is to provide those who fasted with the means of making up for their errors during the month of fasting. Zakaah al-Fitr also provides the poor with a means with which they can celebrate the festival of breaking the fast (Eid al-Fitr) along with the rest of the Muslims.Ibn Abbaas reported, The prophesier (sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) made Zakaah al-Fitr compulsory so that those who fasted may be purified of their idle workings and bootleg talk (committed during Ramadaan) and so that the poor may be fed. Whoever gives it before Salaah will have it veritable as Zakaah, time he wh o gives it after the Salaah has given Sadaqah.The goal of Zakaah al-Fitr is to make Believers more awake of Allah. By making them give up some of their wealth, through this the believers are taught the higher moral characteristics of generosity, kindness (sympathy for the unfortunate), gratitude to God and the righteousness. But, since Islaam does not neglect mans material need, part of the goal of Zakaah al-Fitr is the economic well-being of the poorer members of society. Zakaah al-Fitr is only Waajib for a particular period of time. If one misses the time period without a good reason, he has sinned and can not make it up. This form of charity becomes obligatory from sunset on the last day of fasting and the Great Compromiser obligatory until the beginning of Salaah al-Eid (i.e. shortly after sunrise on the following day). However, it can be paid prior to the above mentioned period, as many of the Sahaabah (companions of the Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) used to pay Zak aah al-Fitr a couple days before the Eid.Naafi reported, That the Prophets companion Ibn Umar used to give it to those who would accept it and the people used to give it a day or two before the Eid.Ibn Umar reported, that the Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) order that it (Zakaah al-Fitr) be given before people go to make the Salaah (al-Eid).And Ibn Abbaas reported, That the Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) said, Whoever gives it before the Salaah will have it accepted as Zakaah, while he who gives it after the Salaah (will not, for it will only be considered as) ordinary charity.Therefore, one who for shells to pay this Zakaah al-Fitr on time should do so as soon as possible even though it will not be counted as Zakaah al-Fitr. The amount of Zakaah is the corresponding for everyone regardless of their different income brackets. The minimum amount is one Saa (two handfuls) of food, grain or desiccate fruit for each member of the family.This calculation is based on Ibn Umars report, that the Prophet(sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) made Zakaah al-Fitr compulsory and payable by a Saa of dried dates or a Saa of barley.The Sahaabee, Abu SAeed al-Khudree said, In the Prophets time, we used to give it (Zakaah al-Fitr) as a Saa of food, dried dates, barley, raisins or dried cheese.AqiqahThe word Aqeeqah means the the hair of the forehead. It also means the animal that is sacrificed after the ancestry of a child. well-nigh people call it Nusukiyah or Dhabihah. The purpose of Aqiqah is to give thanks to Allah, to express happiness on the birth of a child, and to announce the birth so that people know to whom the child belongs. Aqiqah is a highly recommended Sunnah (scholars). According to other scholars it is wajib (mandatory). The proper time for Aqiqah is the 7th day (or after), counting from the day of the birth of the child. Parents or grandparents should perform Aqiqah for their children or grandchildren. In some traditions it is said that one shoul d sacrifice two lambs for a boy and one for a girl. But it is not required. One can sacrifice even one for the boy.Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him sacrificed one lamb for Hasan and for Husain. The meat of the animal should be divided want the sacrificial meat at Eidul Adha, one third for the poor, one third for friends and one third for the family. One can also give all the meat to the poor and needy people. Children are Allahs gift. We should be thankful to Him and we should take good care of them.From the beginning we should pay attention to their Islamic upbringing and education. Parents should be a good role model for their children and they should also make sure that their children are learning right values, have right teachers and good friends. Someone rightly said that children are like sponges. They absorb whatever they see. It is very important that we give them the right message. We should also be careful about what they watch on TV and Internet. In Arabic the word Aqiq is also used for a precious stone. One can also say that Aqiqah is a ceremony that helps us realize the preciousness of our children.Salman bin AamirAd-Dabbi narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said, Aqiqah is to be offered for a fresh born boy, so slaughter (an animal) for him, and relieve him of his suffering.It is Sunnah to slaughter 2 (or 1) animals for a boy, and 1 for a girl. This meat is then to be shared with all the people in the community. At the time of the vaticinator meat was scarce. So eating and distributing meat became a special way of celebrating the birth of a baby. self-aggrandising something of the wealth over which Allah has given us temporary custody is a critical part of our deen. The Prophet (sas) saidMan yatasaddaqa bi idli tamratin min kasbin tayyibin wa laa yaqbalu Allahu illa at-tayyib fa inna Allaha yaqbaluhaa bi yameenihi thumma yurbeehaa li saahibihaa kamaa yurbiy ahadukum falwahu hattaa takoona mithla al-jabali.Whoever gives in charity the value of a case-by-case date from pure earnings and Allah accepts nothing but the pure verily Allah holds it with his right hand then he makes it assume like the way one of you causes a dowry to grow until it becomes like a mountain.(Translation) Muslim BukhariSadaqaThe meaning of sadaqa is the giving of wealth to another as an act of worship and seeking to come closer to Allah Most High. It is an effective barrier between the giver and evil. It repels trials and hardships and prevents an awful death. All of this is only by the permission of Allah and the giving of sadaqa is the cause which Allah has attached to these benefits. It is also used allegorically to repair to all acts of giving and kindness other than those involving wealth such as giving the greeting, smiling in your brothers face, seeking to solve a problem between two others for no gain to yourself, being captive to your spouse in your bed and other actions.As the hadith says, giving of your wealth to another while p hysically between you and another human is an action received directly by Allah Most High. This has also been mentioned in the QuranA lam talamoo anna Allaha huwa yaqbalu at-taubata an ibaadihi wa yakhudhu as-sadaqaati wa anna Allaha huwa at-tawaabu ar-raheem.Did you not know that Allah is the One who accepts repentence from his slaves and takes their charities and that Allah is the ever-Forgiving, the Merciful. (Translation) At-Tauba104Generally, the trump way to give sadaqa is in secret, although it can also be done publicly. Sometimes it is actually give to give publicly if that will encourage others to follow suit and increase the amount of giving among the Muslims. Because the Prophet (sas) said Whoever starts a good practice will sign its reward and the reward of all those who do it after him without that decreasing his reward in the least and whoever starts a bad practice will get its sin and the sin of all those who do it after him without that diminishing their sin in th e least. Allah saidIn tubdoo as-sadaqaati ta niimmaa hiya wa in tukhfoohaa wa tutoohaa al-fuqaraaa fa huwa khairun lakum wa yukaffiru ankum min sayyiaatikum wa Allahu bimaa tamaloona khabeerun.If you show your charitibal giving that is just fine and if you conceal it and give it to the needy that is divulge for you and it will expiate for you some of your bad deeds and Allah is fully aware of all that you do. Al-Baqara271While giving may seem like a ontogenesis of ones wealth and putting it in a savings account or lending it out for vex may seem like an increase in ones wealth, the really it is quite the opposite. Allah saidYamhaqu Allahu ar-ribaa wa yurbiy as-sadaqaati wa Allahu laa yuhibbu kulla kaffaarin atheemin.Allah obliterates matter to and causes charity to grow and Allah does not love every one of those extreme in suspicion and extreme in sin. Al-Baqara276Sadaqa, to be acceptable must be an act done for the sake of Allah with instinct that what is being given is not t ruly yours or something you have earned or deserved. Rather, it is the sustenance (rizq) of Allah and His opt upon you and something which Allah has simply made you the temporary custodian (mustakhlaf) over. It was feature by others before you and will be possessed by others after you.When one has this consciousness, then they will realize that the receiver is actually giving them a great gift and a great help by allowing them to worship and come close to Allah in this way and not the other way around. So Muslims of understanding will never humiliate or belittle those to whom they give nor feel that they have done them a favor or that the receivers owe them anything like the ignorant and disbelieving do. If one does these things, it shows that their sadaqa is not genuine and it is invalidated and does them no good with Allah no social function how big and generous it may be. Allah saidYaa ayyuhaa alladhina aamanoo laa tubtiloo sadaqaatikum bi al-manni wa al-adhaa ka alladhiy yun fiqu maalahu riaaa an-naasi wa laa yuminu bi Allahi wa al-yaumi al-aakhiri.O, you who believe do not invalidate your charities with claims of generosity and harmfulness like the one who spends his wealth for the people to see but doesnt believe in Allah and in the Last Day. Al-Baqara264Islam encourages the giving of charity, but does not encourage the winning of charity let alone bringing for it. Since there are always among us those who need assistance, this means that it is obligatory upon those with the means to search for places to put their sadaqa such those in need never need to ask and seek their help. The Prophet (sas) saidAl-yadu al-ulyaa khairun min al-yadi as-suflaa wa ibda bi man taoolu wa khairu as-sadaqa maa kaana an dhahri ghinaa wa man yastafif yaiffuhu Allahu wa man yastighni yughnihi Allahu.The upper hand is superior to the lower hand. Start with those for whom you are responsible. The best charity is the one which leaves you free of need. Whoever abstains, Alla h will dignify them and whoever maintains self-sufficiency, Allah will make them self-sufficient. Al-BukhariSadaqa is one of the seven things which will get you tint in the Throne of Allah on the terrifying day of al-mahshar when there is no shade except for the shade of Allah. In the hadithSabaatun yudhilluhum Allahu fiy dhillihi yauma laa dhilla illa dhilluhu wa rajulun tasaddaqa bi sadaqatin fa ikhfaahaa hattaa laa talamu shimaaluhu maa tunfiqu yameenuhuSeven who Allahu will shade in His shade on the day when there is no shade except His shade and a man who gave something in charity secretly such that his left over(p)-hand(a) hand did not know what his right hand had given. Muslim BukhariBefore you think that your property is little or that you need to receive and not give, remember your standing before Allah. If two Muslims have a little and cling to it thinking I have only a little, then they will get no good deed from their wealth with which to face Allah. If the resembli ng two people give something of their minor wealth and, because Muslims are giving they also receive, they may end up with the same or more sustenance but also have a good deed with which to face Allah Most High. Giving is win-win situationOn that day, we will need everything possible to help us. Do not neglect any opportunity to send something forward for that day. Even a bantam act of giving could be the critical item which determines your fate in the eternal hereafter. The Prophet (sas) saidMaa minkum min ahadin illa sayukallimuhu Allahu laisa bainahu wa bainahu turjumaan. Fa yandhuru aimana minhu falaa yaraa illa maa qaddama wa yandhuru ashama minhu falaa yaraa illa maa qaddam wa yandhuru baina yadaihi falaa yaraa illa an-naara tilqaaa wajhihi fa ittaqoo an-naara wa lau bi shiqqi tamratin.There is not one single one of you but that Allah will speak to him with no interpreter between them. He will look to his right and see nothing but what he has sent forth. He will look to his left and see nothing but what he has sent forth. He will look in front of him and see nothing but the fire facing him. So beware of the fire even if with just half a date. Muslim BukhariSadaqh e jariyahTo spend in the path of Allah Taala by way of helping the Deen of Allah is highly creditable and rewarding. Reward gained through sadaqh e jariyah attains covers reward even after our death. Indeed fortunate are those who have gained such tremendous benefits and Insha Allah will succeed in the hereafter.Some of the common contributions made in this respect are donations towards the Masjid, twist of Madrassahs, printing of Namaz, Yaseen Shareef, Durood and Salaam booklets etc. Undoubtedly these projects are required and should be encouraged because it benefits Islam.Hazrath Abu Hurairah (RadiAllahAnho) has reported the messenger of Allah has said, Among the actions and good deeds for which a believer will continue to receive reward, after his death, are knowledge which he taught an d spread, a good son whom he left behind, or a copy of the Quran which he left as a legacy, or a mosque which he erected, or a house which he built for the traveller, or a stream which he caused to flow, or a Sadaqah which he gave from his property when he was alive and well, for which he will continue to receive reward after his death.The above hadith indicates various ways to attain the reward of Sadaqa e Jariyah, and building a House of Allah Taala is indeed one of the best form of Sadaqa-e-Jariyah.Riba/intrestRiba (Usury and Interest) According to Quran and SunnahRiba (Usury) is of two major kinds Riba An-Nasia Interest on lent moneyRiba Al-Fadl Taking a superior thing of the same kind of goods by giving more of the same kind of goods of inferior quality, eg, dates of superior quality for dates of inferior quality in great amounts.The definition of Interest, the literal meaning of affair or Al-Riba as it is used in the Arabic language means to excess or increase. In the Islam ic terminology interest means effortless profit or that profit which comes free from compensation or that extra earning obtained that is free of exchange. Riba has been described as a loan with the condition that the borrower will return to the lender more than and better than the quantity borrowed. Due to the trend of interest money is going from the poor to the rich, whereas the rich are suppose to give money to the poor. Consequently, the rich are getting richer and the poor are becoming poorer. Islam completely prohibits interest as it clearly states in the QuranO you who believe, do not take interest, doubling and quadrupling, and keep your duty to Allah, so that you may proper.ConclusionOverall, I feel that it is a fact of life that poverty exists and no being can deny this fact and say that there is no poverty in the world. As Allah has created poverty he has also created enough wealth to support the poor, and needy. Allah has gave wealth to some people and poverty to some b oth are a test from god, the one who is likely to succeed is the one who gives his extra wealth to the needy if he is wealthy or the one who is patient and keeps faith in god if he is poor. The system of usury has been introduced in to the world but Islam says whoever restrains from usury and earns and spends his wealth loyally to Islam and pays zakah will indeed succeed in the next life.